Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 534 psittacine and passerine birds consisting of 241 imported and 293 local birds were examined histologically. As a result, the following parasites were found: Giardia (86 cases), Knemido-coptes (26 cases), coccidia (10 cases), Ascaridia (6 cases), Cryptosporidium (5 cases), Sarcocystis (5 cases), tapeworm (4 cases), microfilaria (2 cases), Hexamita (1 case), and Spiroptera (1 case). High incidences of giardiasis and knemido-coptic infestation were detected in the local birds, but rarely in the imported birds. Giardial trophozoites were observed mainly in the duodenum of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Knemidocoptic mites burrowed into the epidermis producing proliferative dermatitis in 25 budgerigars and 1 African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus). This ectoparasite often infested the skin around the cloaca. Coccidiosis was seen only in the small intestines of the finch (Poephila gouldiae gouldiae), African Grey Parrot, Rainbow lory (Trichoglossus haematodus), Indian Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis). Two parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva and Psittacus erithacus erithacus) and two budgerigars had intestinal cryptosporidiosis. Conjunctivitis associated with cryptosporidial infection was seen in a lovebird. Sarcocystis cysts containing crescent-shaped bradyzoites were found not only in the thigh and breast but also in the heart and cloacal muscles. Other organisms such as Ascaridia, tapeworm, microfilaria, Hexamita, and Spiroptera were clinically less significant. However, infections such as Giardia and Cryptosporidim might have zoonotic implications.
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PMID:Histopathological survey of protozoa, helminths and acarids of imported and local psittacine and passerine birds in Japan. 129 9

The frequency of the opportunistic infections of the duodenum in AIDS patients was determined by way of histologic study in 207 patients between January 1987 and June 1991. All cases had serial paraffin sections, run through HES, PAS, Giemsa, Brown-Brenn, and Zieh-Neelsen stains, and 20 cases had in addition cytologic and electron microscopic study. 63 patients had opportunistic infections (10 cryptosporidiosis and 2 isosporiasis; 12 mycobacterial enteritis; 15 CMV enteritis; 7 candidosis; 7 intestinal microsporidiosis confirmed by electron microscopic examination; 12 Giardiasis; 3 duodenal leishmaniasis; 1 intestinal cryptococcosis). Multiple concurrent infections were noted in 6 cases. A mild to severe villous atrophy was observed in 28 cases, associated with opportunistic infection. A patchy distribution of pathogen agent was noted in 34 cases, and 37 cases were associated with oesophagal candidosis. This study points out the value of histologic examination of intestinal biopsy for the diagnosis of systemic infections as well as of unusual parasitosis, and the necessity for multiple endoscopic biopsies because of the frequent patchy distribution of pathogens.
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PMID:[Histopathologic features of opportunistic infections of the small intestine in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 132 69

Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis occur in immunocompetent persons, and as opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. The causative organisms of giardiasis (Giardia lamblia) and cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum) have markedly different life cycles, but currently available evidence suggests that intestinal antibody plays a major part in host protection against both parasites. In the case of G. lamblia, the evidence points to a role for intestinal antitrophozoite antibody in blocking adherence of trophozoites to intestinal epithelium, with consequent removal of trophozoites from the intestine by peristalsis. Similarly, recent work supports the view that C. parvum infection can be prevented or interrupted by antibody that binds to Cryptosporidium life cycle stages present in the intestinal lumen (sporozoites and merozoites). Molecular characterization of G. lamblia and C. parvum immunodominant antigens would facilitate future studies aimed at determining whether vaccination against giardiasis or cryptosporidiosis is feasible.
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PMID:Immunology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections. 150 Jul 34

Cases of intestinal giardiasis, spirochetosis, and cryptosporidiosis were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections from which the coverslips were removed and the sections coated with gold. The technique is simple and reliably provides excellent morphologic detail that is preserved in the deparaffinized 4 microsections. We present examples of nine intestinal parasites examined in this manner and compare this technique with standard H&E staining and special stains with regard to relative costs, turnaround time, labor input, and morphologic preservation. Scanning electron microscopy is a useful adjunct in providing confirmatory evidence in the diagnosis of intestinal giardiasis, spirochetosis, and cryptosporidiosis.
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PMID:Correlative light and scanning electron microscopy of intestinal giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and spirochetosis. 179 24

Cryptosporidiosis was first recognised at GaRankuwa Hospital, a reference teaching hospital for mainly black patients near Pretoria, South Africa, in October 1985. Since then 289/6870 specimens (4.21%) submitted to the routine stool laboratory have been found to contain Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Seasonal peaks were seen in late summer (January, February, March) and minimum case numbers were recorded during late winter (August, September). The disease was predominantly one of early childhood, with the majority of patients being under 3 years of age. Only six positive stools came from patients older than 12 years. Cryptosporidiosis has replaced giardiasis as the most commonly detected gastrointestinal parasitic infection of patients in this hospital. Oocysts were also found in the sputum of an 84-year-old male patient with a persistent productive cough.
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PMID:Four years of cryptosporidiosis at GaRankuwa Hospital. 188 22

Selected parasitic zoonoses are discussed with emphasis on epidemiological, diagnostic and some chemotherapeutic aspects. Pneumocystosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis are briefly reviewed as "AIDS-related zoonoses". Up to now 5 genera of Microsporidia have been identified as causative agents of human infections, including Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Pleistophora sp. which were found in AIDS patients. From the many "other parasitic zoonoses", giardiasis, echinococcosis and taeniosis/cysticercosis are discussed as examples. Significant advances in the understanding of transmission dynamics, in strain characterisation and diagnosis of the diseases have been achieved.
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PMID:New aspects of parasitic zoonoses. 266 18

Parasitosis opportunist are becoming clearer thanks to a better knowledge of immunological mechanisms, especially in AIDS. Child immunological immaturity and corticotherapy are the two other main immunodeficiencies among opportunist parasitosis. For the protozoosis, coccidiosis (especially toxoplasmosis), cryptosporidiosis, but isosporosis too and microsporidiosis represent a privileged group among opportunistic infections. Among adult, leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum is an opportunist parasistosis, favoured by corticotherapy or AIDS, but among children, it is the child's immunological immaturity which is involved in the immunodeficiency. Babesia occurs among splenectomized people. Giardiasis is more frequent and more severe among IgA immunodeficiencies especially secretories IgA. Among helminthiasis, generalised strongyloidiasis is very severe among patients under corticotherapy, but AIDS is not involved.
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PMID:[Opportunistic aspects of parasitosis]. 268 97

The importance of Cryptosporidium species as a cause of diarrhea in the childhood population has increased since the examination of fecal samples has been introduced in microbiological laboratories. A one-year prospective survey carried out on 699 children from rural and urban districts examined at the University Hospital in Salamanca (Spain) revealed 8 cases of cryptosporidiosis (1.1% of the children studied). Most of the cases (5 patients) were observed in the January-April period. Seven of the eight cases occurred in children younger than 3 years of age. All the children with cryptosporidiosis were immunocompetent. Diarrhea (75.0%) and vomiting (50.0%) were the most frequent clinical features of the cryptosporidiosis. In one quarter of the cases, other pathogens were associated. A comparison is made with the incidence of giardiasis, which is the commonest intestinal parasitosis in our community.
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PMID:The incidence of cryptosporidiosis in children: a one-year prospective survey in a general hospital in Spain. 278 57

This article reviews the biology, epidemiology, and clinical management of amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis as well as the less common intestinal protozoa, Dientamoeba fragilis, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis hominis.
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PMID:Parasitic diarrhea. 307 23

The clinical and pathologic findings of and therapy for such protozoal diseases as equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, pneumocytosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, besnoitiosis, and klossiellosis are discussed. Emphasis is placed on disorders that occur with greater frequency in North America and on emerging protozoal diseases affecting horses.
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PMID:Protozoal diseases. 309 Dec 19


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