Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnoses which may be arrived at by examination of peroral small bowel mucosal biopsy specimens are presented. Celiac sprue, unclassified sprue (refractory sprue), infectious gastroenterititis, stasis syndrome and kwashiorkor have a severe mucosal lesion. Other clinical conditions are required to establish the diagnosis in these diseases. A number of diseases have specific diagnostic features. Included are Whipple's disease, abetalipoproteinemia, collagenous sprue, primary intestinal lymphoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, giardiasis, coccidiosis, strongyloidiasis, lymphangiectasis and the intestinal immunodeficiency diseases. Mucosal abnormalities may be present in other diseases but the diagnoses are usually made on other criteria than small bowel biopsy. These include vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, Crohn's disease, gastrinoma, acrodermatitis enteropathica, amyloidosis, chronic granulomatous disease, lipid storage diseases, histoplasmosis, capillariasis, cytomegalovirus infection, schistosomiasis and macroglobulinemia.
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PMID:Histologic diagnosis of diseases of malabsorption. 51 56

A novelty of the present studies is the use of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A-1--AT) as an endogenous marker of enteric protein loss. Enteric clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin was determined in 10 patients with the symptoms of PLE, and in 6 healthy individuals. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin concentration has been assayed in single, random samples of feces collected from 42 patients and 12 healthy individuals (normal values: 1.31 +/- 0.72 mg/g of feces). Markedly increased enteric clearance and A-1-AT concentrations in single, random samples of feces have been found in patients with enteric lymphangiectasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and constrictive pericarditis, slightly lower in coeliac, chronic diarrhoea, nonspecific hemorrhagic colitis, esophagitis, lambliasis, hypogammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, hepatitis in newborn, and Gilbert's disease. Statistically significant positive clearance has been noted (r = 0.997; p less than .001). A single assay of A-1-AT in feces is simple, repeatable, and sensitive technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of these diseases in which the symptoms of enteric protein loss are seen.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin as an endogenous marker of protein-losing enteropathies]. 143 95

An individual who has cystic fibrosis (CF) may suffer from gastrointestinal problems related to inadequately controlled intestinal absorption secondary to the pancreatic insufficiency. These include neonatal meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), constipation and acquired megacolon, rectal prolapse and rarely pancreatitis. If the intestinal malabsorption is well controlled with an effective pancreatic enzyme preparation, DIOS, constipation and rectal prolapse are infrequent. Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated thoroughly to exclude other disorders not directly related to the cystic fibrosis; these include cows' milk intolerance, coeliac disease, giardiasis, Crohn's disease and intra-abdominal malignancy. Both appendicitis and intussusception may cause difficult diagnostic problems particularly in patients who may also have distal ileal obstruction syndrome.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis: gastrointestinal complications. 145 4

Iron status, iron absorption, and intestinal blood loss were studied in 199 children undergoing diagnostic evaluation for suspected malabsorption. Evaluation of iron status included hematological indices, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Iron absorption was assessed by the increment of serum iron after an oral iron load. Iron deficiency was common among patients affected by malabsorptive states, such as celiac disease (84%), cow's milk intolerance (76%), Crohn's disease (72%), and giardiasis (64%), whereas it was less common among patients with postinfectious enteritis (41%) and chronic nonspecific diarrhea (11%). Intestinal blood loss was seen only in patients with Crohn's disease and cow's milk intolerance, irrespective of iron nutritional status. On the other hand, iron malabsorption was very common, affecting 85-95% of the iron-deficient patients in all diagnostic groups, except in chronic nonspecific diarrhea. Iron malabsorption was less common among patients with adequate iron nutritional status than in those with iron deficiency. Iron malabsorption appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency in patients with malabsorption. The iron absorption test shows greater sensitivity as a screening test for upper intestinal malabsorption than the D-xylose absorption test.
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PMID:Iron absorption and iron deficiency in infants and children with gastrointestinal diseases. 157 7

In 53 patients with chronic diarrhea ileoscopy was done following colonoscopy. Beside the microscopic examination, terminal ileum biopsies and mucosal smears were also performed. Endoscopy of the terminal ileum was abnormal in eight patients (15.1%); biopsy itself was diagnostic in 22 patients (41.5%): primary bile acid malabsorption with mucosal atrophy and reduced retention of 75ScHCAT (10), mucosal atrophy after cholecystectomy (4), Crohn's disease (6), backwash ileitis in ulcerative colitis (1), and postirradiation ileitis (1). Biopsies were normal but mucosal smear indicated the cause of diarrhea in a further 10 patients: giardiasis was found in 7, and candidiasis in 3 patients. All in all, endoscopy, biopsy and mucosal smear of terminal ileum showed a sensitivity of 58.5%. In 38 patients in whom laboratory, roentgenologic and endoscopic investigation failed to establish the etiology of diarrhea, the sensitivity of ileoscopy itself was 0%, of ileoscopy with biopsy 36.8% and ileoscopy with biopsy and mucosal smear 47.4%. We conclude that endoscopy, biopsy and mucosal smear of the terminal ileum are indicated in the investigation of patients with chronic diarrhea.
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PMID:[The terminal ileum and chronic diarrhea: endoscopy, histology and parasitology]. 192 64

We describe two patients with Crohn's disease, secretory diarrhea, and concurrent giardiasis. As we review the pathophysiology of secretory diarrhea in Crohn's disease, we suggest that secretory diarrhea in Crohn's disease may be more common than has been believed.
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PMID:Secretory diarrhea in Crohn's disease with concurrent giardiasis. 273 61

In a retrospective study, jejunal mucosal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activities have been investigated in 40 controls and patients with proven celiac sprue (n = 26), lactase deficiency (n = 26), osteoporosis or osteomalacia (n = 16), chronic pancreatitis (n = 12), giardiasis (n = 7), or Crohn's disease (n = 7). Apart from a nonselective reduction of mucosal enzyme activities in the sprue syndrome and a selective reduction of lactase activity in the patients with primary lactase deficiency, assays of mucosal disaccharidases revealed only inconstant or slight deviations from the control group and were not of diagnostic significance for any of the above-mentioned disorders. Isolated forms of enzyme deficiencies other than lactase deficiency, such as sucrase-isomaltase or trehalase deficiency were not present among 168 investigations carried out from 1972-1982. It is concluded that assay of small intestinal disaccharidase or alkaline phosphatase activities does not expand the diagnostic impact of morphological examination of small bowel biopsy specimens and modern noninvasive methods for the detection of carbohydrate malabsorption. Thus, the method does not appear a necessary or relevant investigation in routine clinical practice.
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PMID:Is the assay of disaccharidase activity in small bowel mucosal biopsy relevant for clinical gastroenterologists? 274 34

Giardiasis is a common infection, and many of its symptoms are similar to those of Crohn's disease. Despite a long discussion on the role of microbiologic agents in Crohn's disease, giardiasis has never been investigated. We studied giardiasis as assessed by the occurrence of cysts in 86 patients with Crohn's disease, in 82 patients with other gastrointestinal disease, and in 52 patients without gastrointestinal disease. In addition, in 20 patients with Crohn's disease the effects of metronidazole on giardiasis and disease activity were studied. Frequency of giardiasis was 61.6% in patients with Crohn's disease, 31.7% in patients with other gastrointestinal disease, and 5.8% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Stool frequency, disease activity, and humoral signs of inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease showed no relationship to giardiasis. All but two patients treated with metronidazole became free of cysts. Crohn's disease activity index decreased in 14 of 20 patients (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, giardiasis is a common finding in patients with Crohn's disease. Treatment of giardiasis can, in individual cases of Crohn's disease, result in a quick recovery from symptoms of high disease activity.
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PMID:Crohn's disease is frequently complicated by giardiasis. 322 99

Three children with cystic fibrosis developed steatorrhoea unresponsive to changes in pancreatic supplements. The final diagnoses were chronic giardiasis, stagnant loop syndrome, and Crohn's disease. Refractory intestinal symptoms in cystic fibrosis merit further investigation.
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PMID:Intestinal disease in cystic fibrosis. 323

Direct microscopy and an ELISA technique were used to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia and its antigen in stool samples from patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, acute-onset diarrhoea, or dyspepsia. Cysts of Giardia lamblia were observed by microscopy of faeces from two of the patients with acute-onset diarrhoea and one with dyspepsia. Giardia antigen was detected in the faeces of five patients, including all three in whom cysts had been identified by microscopy. No evidence of giardiasis was found in any patient with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. It is concluded that the ELISA can reliably distinguish giardiasis from a range of other gastrointestinal disorders.
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PMID:A microscopic and immunodiagnostic search for giardiasis in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. 336 92


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