Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnoses which may be arrived at by examination of peroral small bowel mucosal biopsy specimens are presented. Celiac sprue, unclassified sprue (refractory sprue), infectious gastroenterititis, stasis syndrome and kwashiorkor have a severe mucosal lesion. Other clinical conditions are required to establish the diagnosis in these diseases. A number of diseases have specific diagnostic features. Included are Whipple's disease, abetalipoproteinemia, collagenous sprue, primary intestinal lymphoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, giardiasis, coccidiosis, strongyloidiasis, lymphangiectasis and the intestinal immunodeficiency diseases. Mucosal abnormalities may be present in other diseases but the diagnoses are usually made on other criteria than small bowel biopsy. These include vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, Crohn's disease, gastrinoma, acrodermatitis enteropathica, amyloidosis, chronic granulomatous disease, lipid storage diseases, histoplasmosis, capillariasis, cytomegalovirus infection, schistosomiasis and macroglobulinemia.
 ...
PMID:Histologic diagnosis of diseases of malabsorption. 51 56

A patient who developed symptomatic giardiasis after a tour of the Soviet Union is presented. The diagnosis was established by duodenal aspiration. A small intestinal biopsy revealed total villous atrophy in the absence of celiac sprue or a gastrointestinal immunodeficiency syndrome, a finding not previously described. The biopsy remains normal after a single course of metronidazole (Flagyl), despite subsequent exposure to gluten.
 ...
PMID:Giardiasis with total villous atrophy. 62 Sep

Giardia lamblia has a cosmopolitan distribution. The organism exists in two stages--the trophozoite and the cystic stage. Infected children may have acute or chronic diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, anorexia, malasorption and poor weight gain and may be misdiagnosed as celiac disease. Infection may be selflimited or chronic even over years. Diagnosis is usually made by finding the characteristic cyst in stool specimens or by duodenal aspiration. Histological sections and impression smears (AMENT) of intestinal mucosa biopsies have been proved to be the most reliable method for detecting giardiasis. Evaluation of impression smears for parasites is easier and quicker than examining serial sections of biopsies. Out of 175 selected patients with intestinal complaints which were undergone small intestinal biopsy 11 were infected with giardia lamblia (6.2%). All infected children were symptomatic, malabsorption could be demonstrated in 5/8, lactase levels were reduced in most children. Examination of duodenal aspirates, stool specimens and histological sections (routine histology) alone would not have been diagnostic in every case. Evaluation of impression smears proved to be a reliable method in detecting giardia lamblia infection and is recommended whenever an intestinal biopsy is performed.
 ...
PMID:[The value of the "impression smear" in detecting giardia lamblia infection (author's transl)]. 64 94

We have investigated small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac disease, acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and giardiasis, to find out if a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count is a feature specific to coeliac disease, or whether it is always associated with partial or subtotal villous atrophy. The results indicate that the normal range for childrens' intraepithelial lymphocyte counts is similar to that for adults (around 6-40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells); that counts are high in coeliac disease, but also in some children with giardiasis or with failure to thrive in whom the jejunal biopsy appears otherwise normal; and that intraepithelial lymphocyte counts are normal in acute gastroenteritis even when there is partial villous atrophy with increased lamina propria lymphoid cell infiltrate. Thus, this measurement of small intestinal lymphocyte infiltration may be of diagnostic value is differentiating the diarrhoea of food intolerance from infectious diarrhoeas in young children.
 ...
PMID:Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in small intestinal biopsies from children with diarrhoea. 96 7

Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were evaluated in 131 jejunal mucosal biopsies taken from children with a small intestinal enteropathy arising from a variety of causes including coeliac disease, (untreated, after gluten withdrawal, and during subsequent challenge), giardiasis, cow's milk protein intolerance, and 'intractable diarrhoea'. The counts were compared with those from the biopsies of children referred for investigation but in whom no gastrointestinal disease was demonstrated and from healthy siblings of children with coeliac disease, investigated during a family study. Children with coeliac disease showed a raised count which fell after gluten withdrawal as has been demonstrated by others in adults. Lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium increased rapidly during gluten challenge in such children, while no change was seen in those children proven ultimately not to have coeliac disease by the usually recognized criteria. In other enteropathies the range of counts was wide, overlapping with both normal and coeliac groups and indicating the nonspecificity of lymphocytic infiltration of the gut epithelium. The findings are discussed in relation to their significance and to further avenues of investigation to determine their possible diagnostic value in confirming the diagnosis of coeliac disease during gluten challenge.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the intraepithelial lymphocyte count in the jejunum in childhood enteropathies. 97 98

Disaccharidase estimations on 115 consecutive jejunal biopsies are reported. The patients were divided into four groups: 1. Normal jejunal biopsy light microscopy, not milk intolerant, 82 cases. 2. Normal jejunal biopsy light microscopy, milk intolerant, eight cases. 3. Patients with giardiasis, 11 cases. 4. Coeliac disease patients, 14 cases. The lowest disaccharidase levels were found in coeliac disease, with giardiasis cases showing intermediate levels. Poor correlation of lactase levels with milk intolerance was found. Three cases in Group 1 showing lowered lactase levels were given metronidazole and showed remission of clinical symptoms, raising the possibility that they had undiagnosed infections with Giardia lamblia.
 ...
PMID:The significance of lowered jejunal disaccharidase levels. 107 40

Rats infected with the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have crypt hyperplasia with villous atrophy in affected areas of the small intestine. In thymus-deprived (B) rats the course of infection is prolonged but, despite the presence of many worms in the intestinal lumen, villi and crypts appear largely normal. This suggests that the tissue damaged associated with N. brasilliensis infection is caused, not by the worms, but by a local thymus-dependent immune reaction. There is some evidence to implicate lymphocytes rather than antibodies in this reaction. It is already know that T-cell-associated damage to the small intestine, such as occurs in allograft rejection, produces subtotal villous atrophy. The present findings suggest that when T cell react locally with helminth antigens a similar type of damage occurs. The presence of a local cell-mediated immune reaction may be the common factor which causes villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in many small intestinal diseases, eg, viral enteritis, giardiasis, cow's milk allergy, and coeliac disease.
 ...
PMID:Hypersensitivity reactions in small intestine. I Thymus dependence of experimental 'partial villous atrophy'. 107 95

An individual who has cystic fibrosis (CF) may suffer from gastrointestinal problems related to inadequately controlled intestinal absorption secondary to the pancreatic insufficiency. These include neonatal meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), constipation and acquired megacolon, rectal prolapse and rarely pancreatitis. If the intestinal malabsorption is well controlled with an effective pancreatic enzyme preparation, DIOS, constipation and rectal prolapse are infrequent. Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated thoroughly to exclude other disorders not directly related to the cystic fibrosis; these include cows' milk intolerance, coeliac disease, giardiasis, Crohn's disease and intra-abdominal malignancy. Both appendicitis and intussusception may cause difficult diagnostic problems particularly in patients who may also have distal ileal obstruction syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Cystic fibrosis: gastrointestinal complications. 145 4

The loss of duodenal folds visible endoscopically has recently been reported as being a marker for celiac disease. We have investigated the sensitivity and specificity of this finding with a prospective study in 75 patients with symptoms or results of investigations compatible with celiac disease. Reported duodenal fold appearance was compared with histological findings, disaccharidase levels, and clinical diagnosis. Fifteen patients were found to have celiac disease and 11 had reduced or absent duodenal folds compared with only 2 of 60 patients who did not have celiac disease (p less than 0.0001). This finding has a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 97%, and positive predictive value of 85%. Duodenal folds were not reported as being abnormal in seven patients with hypolactasia or two with giardiasis and did not appear to be influenced by age. A reduction in the number or height of duodenal folds as seen endoscopically in the second part of the duodenum is a specific and sensitive sign of celiac disease. Endoscopists should biopsy the duodenum for celiac disease whenever the duodenal folds appear to be reduced or absent.
 ...
PMID:The endoscopic appearance of duodenal folds is predictive of untreated adult celiac disease. 849 52

Iron status, iron absorption, and intestinal blood loss were studied in 199 children undergoing diagnostic evaluation for suspected malabsorption. Evaluation of iron status included hematological indices, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Iron absorption was assessed by the increment of serum iron after an oral iron load. Iron deficiency was common among patients affected by malabsorptive states, such as celiac disease (84%), cow's milk intolerance (76%), Crohn's disease (72%), and giardiasis (64%), whereas it was less common among patients with postinfectious enteritis (41%) and chronic nonspecific diarrhea (11%). Intestinal blood loss was seen only in patients with Crohn's disease and cow's milk intolerance, irrespective of iron nutritional status. On the other hand, iron malabsorption was very common, affecting 85-95% of the iron-deficient patients in all diagnostic groups, except in chronic nonspecific diarrhea. Iron malabsorption was less common among patients with adequate iron nutritional status than in those with iron deficiency. Iron malabsorption appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency in patients with malabsorption. The iron absorption test shows greater sensitivity as a screening test for upper intestinal malabsorption than the D-xylose absorption test.
 ...
PMID:Iron absorption and iron deficiency in infants and children with gastrointestinal diseases. 157 7


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>