Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Go.10213, a new nitroimidazole, was studied in 12 male volunteers for tolerability and in 20 patients with intestinal amoebiasis for antiamoebic activity. Go.10213 was well-tolerated by volunteers up to a dose of 400 mg X 3. Patients also tolerated well the dose of 100-150 mg X 3 for 7 days. In two patients, there were mild and transient side-effects like headache, dizziness, fatigue, etc. No neurological side-effects were observed. There were no significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and ECG. The organ function tests did not show any adverse effects of Go.10213 on bone-marrow, kidney, liver, etc. Go.10213, at a dose of 150 mg X 3, showed potent antiamoebic activity in 10 patients with intestinal amoebiasis, as judged by the clinical relief, the eradication of the trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica from stools and the healing of colonic ulcers. Go.10213, a novel nitroimidazole, may prove to be the most potent and safe agent against the protozoal infections, e.g. amoebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis.
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PMID:Phase 1 tolerability and antiamoebic activity studies with 1-methylsulphonyl-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Go.10213): a new antiprotozoal agent. 663 38

Due to the number of sexual encounters and variety of practices, men who have homosexual experiences have increased incidence and prevalence rates of many diseases. Diseases that are covered here include hepatitis A and B, syphilis, gonorrhea, condylomata accuminata, herpes simplex, AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) and several enteric diseases, namely amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis and salmonellosis. An overview of each disease is included along with diagnostic testing and treatment regimens. This report concludes with a system of risk assignment and recommendations for frequency of sexually transmitted disease screening.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men. 668 65

Nitroimidazoles have been extensively evaluated in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, liver and intestinal amebiasis. The most widely used are metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole. Tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole have a much longer half-life than metronidazole, allowing single-dose or once daily administration. Nitro-5-imidazoles remain extremely effective drugs for treating protozoans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis. Although all are suspected of potential carcinogenicity, they are the drugs of choice for treating protozoal infections.
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PMID:Nitroimidazoles in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. 669 65

Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. Patients' symptoms are non-specific and seldom helpful in diagnosing particular diseases. The practitioner must be prepared to identify a number of infections with similar presentations that may occur singly or together in gay men. Gonorrhea is probably the most common bacterial infection in gay men. Carriage rates as high as 50% have been reported, and extra-genital carriage is common; this necessitates culturing the urethra, rectum, and pharynx. Procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients; spectinomycin is probably the drug of choice in penicillin-sensitive patients. In contrast to other venereal diseases, syphilis may have a characteristic protoscopic presentation. Benzathine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients. Lymphogranuloma venereum causes penile lesions and inguinal lymphadenitis in heterosexual men, whereas homosexual men are more prone to proctitis. The disease may mimic Crohn's disease. Recommended treatment includes tetracycline or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Shigellosis usually presents as an acute diarrheal illness. Patients generally require only supportive treatment with fluids. Herpes simplex viral infection is difficult to diagnose and has several different presentations, including lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Symptomatic treatment with sitz baths, anesthetic ointment, and analgesics is recommended. Venereal warts are believed to be caused by the same virus that causes verrucous warts; they are usually found in the anal canal or around the anal orifice. They are commonly treated with 25% podophyllin solution. Parasitic infections include giardiasis, amebiasis, and pinworm infections. Metronidazole may be used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis and amebiasis, but it is not approved for the former indication; quinacrine is approved for giardiasis. Pinworm infestation may be treated with pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole. Cure of enteric diseases in homosexual men must be documented.
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PMID:Enteric diseases of homosexual men. 676 90

Elevated levels of serum IgE are found in many helminthic parasitic diseases. The authors have previously demonstrated that giardiasis, amoebiasis and Chagas' disease were not associated with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E. To determine the influence of toxoplasma gondii on IgE levels of clinically symptomatic patients, a controlled study was performed. There was no difference found between the serum IgE values from Brazilian patients with toxoplasmosis and those from matched healthy Brazilian controls. This again confirms that protozoan parasitic infections do not increase serum IgE levels.
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PMID:Serum IgE levels in toxoplasmosis. 677 65

The prevalence of most sexually transmitted diseases is disproportionately increased in gay men and paradoxically decreased in lesbian women. The spectrum of diseases seen in gay men include a variety of enteric infections including hepatitis A, shigellosis, salmonellosis, Campylobacter enteritis, amebiasis, giardiasis, and enterobiasis as well as the more common sexually transmitted diseases. Hepatitis B is endemic in gay male populations. The patterns of sexual behavior are the major factors contributing to this unique epidemiology and pathology. Increased sexual activity explained by the unrestrained cultural expectation of maleness, the functional overlap during sex between the genital-urinary and gastrointestinal systems, and anonymous sexual activity are all significant epidemiologic components.
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PMID:Hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases in gay men and in lesbians. 689 98

Metronidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole that has selective activity against anaerobic microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoa. Intravenous metronidazole has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of serious anaerobic bacterial infections. It is usually bactericidal at low concentrations, and its spectrum of activity encompasses almost all anaerobic bacteria and some capnophilic organisms. Anaerobic bacteria known to be resistant to metronidazole include occasional anaerobic cocci, some nonsporulating gram-positive bacilli and propionibacterium. Metronidazole is the most active antimicrobial agent against Bacteroides fragilis, the most resistant of anaerobic bacteria. Kill-curve studies demonstrate that there is a 2 to 5 log decrease in the number of colony forming units of B. fragilis and Clostridium perfringens within one hour. The only well documented metronidazole-resistant strain is a B. fragilis isolated from the normal flora of a patient on long-term metronidazole therapy for Crohn's Disease. Metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis has recently been described in a few strains that are able to survive at increased oxygen tensions. Metronidazole has been shown to be efficacious in certain protozoal infections including trichomonal vaginitis, extraintestinal amebiasis, and giardiasis. Clinical studies have shown metronidazole to be efficacious in the therapy of a variety of anaerobic infections, including non-traumatic brain abscesses, intraabdominal sepsis, pelvic suppuration and necrotizing soft tissue infections. There have been disappointing results in the therapy of anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections with a number of superinfections caused by aerobic bacteria. Since metronidazole lacks any activity against aerobic bacteria, it must be combined with other agents, usually aminoglycosides, in the treatment of mixed infections involving anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
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PMID:Metronidazole: in vitro activity, pharmacology and efficacy in anaerobic bacterial infections. 692 1

For the purpose of assigning priorities for research, each of the following parasitic disease is examined in regard to its affect on the nutritional status of the host: schistosomiasis, malaria, amebiasis, giardiasis, ascariasis, and hookworm. The epidemiology, diagnosis, immune response to, and available therapies for these diseases are discussed. It is suggested that highest priority be given to three diseases: hookworm, ascariasis, and schistosomiasis, because they can be treated successfully, diagnosed easily, and have a high prevalence.
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PMID:Needed research on the interactions of certain parasitic diseases and nutrition in humans. 695 53

This article reviews available knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, immunology, diagnosis, and therapy of parasite-related diarrhoeas of public health importance, primarily amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, balantidiasis, coccidioses, schistosomiasis, and capillariasis. Research priorities are recommended in each of these fields with the aim of developing better means of prevention and treatment.
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PMID:Parasite related diarrhoeas. WHO Scientific Working Group. 697 Nov 85

In addition to gonorrhea and syphilis, both of which may develop primarily at anorectal or pharyngeal sites, a number of conditions, including Neisseria meningitidis urethritis, nonspecific urethritis, anorectal herpes, condyloma acuminatum, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis, typhoid fever, enterobiasis, and hepatitis A and B, have been identified as being transmitted by male homosexual contact. Proctologic complications of anal intercourse include allergic reactions to anal lubricants, prolapsed hemorrhoids, and fistulas, and fissures. Rectosigmoid tears may result from fist, forearm, and foreign body penetration of the bowel. Physicians can best help their homosexual patients by accepting them and their relationships nonjudgmentally and by understanding their special health needs.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases and traumatic problems in homosexual men. 699 80


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