Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stools of 1,368 randomly selected children living in Niamey (Niger) were examined using two different parasitologic methods. One or more pathogenic parasites were recovered in 678 children (49.6%). Parasitic infections developed early and increased significantly after the age of two, which is the usual age for weaning. The most common parasitic infections were giardiasis (31.7%) and amebiasis (12.8%). The only commonly recovered helminth was Hymenolepis nana (10.8%). This predominance of intestinal protozoa is typical of Sahel pathology.
 ...
PMID:[Intestinal parasitic infections in children in Niamey (Niger)]. 262 82

The availability of new biotechnologies has led to the prediction that new or improved vaccines can be developed for 27 diseases within the next decade. The reasons why such optimism cannot be extended to the availability of vaccines for many other infectious diseases are considered by reviewing the steps in vaccine development, from identification of the etiologic agent to construction of attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Impediments to development may exist or arise at any point in this pathway (e.g., multiplicity of serotypes, inability to cultivate the pathogen, multistage life cycles with multiple antigens, unpredictability of epidemics, inadequate knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity, fear of gene splicing, need for an adjuvant, and lack of profitability). Diseases for which vaccines are not likely to be available in the next decade include trachoma, onchocerciasis, pneumonia due to Legionella and to mycoplasmas, amebiasis and giardiasis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, chlamydial urethritis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and filariasis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Impediments to the development of additional vaccines: vaccines against important diseases that will not be available in the next decade. 266 4

Several anorectal diseases are described. Most are sexually transmitted (gay bowel syndrome or heterosexual transmission). The clinical aspect of nearly all of them is similar. Thus, the diagnosis usually cannot be done on clinical grounds alone: one has to request the help of the laboratory. Amebiasis, giardiasis, chancroid and donovanosis are frequent in Africa but rare in our countries, except in male homosexuals. Shigellosis, salmonellosis, pediculosis, scabies and campylobacter infections are seen in male homosexuals because of orofecal contacts. Condylomata acuminata are frequent in our country. The typical clinical aspect leads to an easy diagnosis. Electrocoagulation is the treatment of choice. Anorectal gonococcal are also frequent in our country, both homosexually and heterosexually transmitted. The clinical aspect suggests the diagnosis, but this must be confirmed by the laboratory.
 ...
PMID:[Sexually-transmissible anorectal diseases]. 268 13

In 1985, the US Peace Corps developed a computerized epidemiological surveillance system to monitor health trends in over 5500 Peace Corps Volunteers working in development projects in 62 countries worldwide. Data on 31 health conditions and events are collected monthly from each country; quarterly and annual incidence rates are then calculated, and the analysed data are distributed. In 1987, the most commonly reported health problems were diarrhoea (unclassified), 48 cases per 100 volunteers per year; amoebiasis, 24 per 100 volunteers per year; injuries, 20 per 100 volunteers per year; bacterial skin infections, 19 per 100 volunteers per year; and giardiasis 17 per 100 volunteers per year. Tracking each of these common problems, as well as other selected health conditions, guides design of more specific studies and disease control efforts. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/100 volunteers/year) include hepatitis, schistosomiasis, non-falciparum malaria, and filariasis. The epidemiological surveillance system provides the health data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate health programmes for Peace Corps Volunteers, and provides a model for surveillance in other groups of temporary and permanent residents of developing countries.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological surveillance in Peace Corps Volunteers: a model for monitoring health in temporary residents of developing countries. 272 68

Coprologic surveys realized in schoolchildren in a few western areas of the Republic of Niger provided the following results. Concerning protozoa, the prevalence of amebiasis-infestation is strong in all the studies areas, giardiasis is more frequent in dry areas. As for the helminths, Hymenolepsis nana is met everywhere, the prevalence of ancylostomiasis decreases gradually from the south to the north and the endemic area of Schistosoma mansoni is limited to the extreme south of the country. The other helminthiasis are rare.
 ...
PMID:[Intestinal parasitic diseases of school children in the Republic of Niger]. 287 47

Antibody to Entamoeba histolytica antigen was evaluated in cases of proven and suspected intestinal amoebiasis as well as in extra-intestinal cases from an endemic area. Screening methods included the gel diffusion precipitation test (GD), counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). Control populations consisting of asymptomatic cyst passers, non-amoebic individuals, patients with giardiasis and cases of enteric fever were also screened using the above tests. All (100%) cases of amoebic liver abscess and 75-80% of hepatic amoebiasis without overt abscess formation could be detected by serology, with good correlation between the tests used. However, the interpretation of serology in cases of proven and suspected intestinal amoebiasis posed two main problems. The presence of low antibody levels even in proven cases and the persistence of antibodies due to past infection was found to reduce the diagnostic efficiency of serology for acute intestinal amoebiasis. There was no statistical difference between intestinal cases and controls when comparing either percentage of cases detected or titre of antibody obtained. The results of this study indicate that serology for acute intestinal amoebiasis can be unreliable; however, it is of undoubted value as an adjunct to clinical diagnosis in cases of hepatic amoebiasis.
 ...
PMID:Observations on the interpretation of amoebic serology in endemic areas. 290 Mar 40

In recent years it has been apparent that many of the known antiparasitic drugs produce free radicals. Intracellular reduction followed by autooxidation yielding O.-2 and H2O2 has been suggested as the mode of action of nifurtimox on Trypanosoma cruzi and as the basis of its toxicity in mammals. On the other hand, free radical intermediates that do not generate oxygen-reduction products under physiological conditions have been found in the metabolic pathways of other antiparasitic nitro compounds (benznidazole, metronidazole, and other 5-nitroimidazoles) used in the treatment of diseases such as Chagas' disease, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis, amebiasis, and schistosomiasis. In these cases, as well as in the case of niridazole (used in the treatment of schistosomiasis), covalent binding or other interactions of the intermediates of nitroreduction with parasite macromolecules are possibly involved in their toxicity. Redox cycling of these compounds under aerobic conditions appears to be a detoxification reaction by inhibiting net reduction of the drugs.
 ...
PMID:Free radical metabolism of antiparasitic agents. 301 65

This article reviews the biology, epidemiology, and clinical management of amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis as well as the less common intestinal protozoa, Dientamoeba fragilis, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis hominis.
 ...
PMID:Parasitic diarrhea. 307 23

Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries and represent at least a nuisance in the industrialized world. Fluid and electrolyte replacement, particularly via oral rehydration, is the mainstay of therapy for the prevention and treatment of dehydration associated with these illnesses. Antibiotics are not indicated for the majority of enteric infections, and their promiscuous use can contribute to the escalating prevalence of bacterial resistance worldwide. Used judiciously, however, antimicrobial agents can ameliorate illness or curtail pathogen excretion and spread of disease, or both, in some diarrheal infections. Antimicrobial agents are indicated for shigellosis, cholera, traveler's diarrhea, amebiasis, and giardiasis. They are indicated in some specific circumstances to treat infections caused by Campylobacter, some categories of diarrheagenic E. coli, C. difficile, nontyphoidal Salmonella, and certain Vibrionaceae. Few adjunctive treatments provide proven benefit without risk of adverse reactions; most offer no advantage over placebo, and their general use is not encouraged.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of diarrhea. 307 25

The common practice of sexual relations with many different and anonymous partners and the great variety of responsible micro-organisms account for the high incidence, growing complexity and uneasy prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of the digestive tract in male homosexuals. Syphilis, gonorrhoea, papillomas, chancroid, donovanosis, herpes virus or Chlamydia infections are known to be transmitted by anal coitus; amebiasis, giardiasis and shigellosis by oro-anal contact (faecal contamination). Still under discussion, however, are the predominant mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni, the true frequency in homosexuals of intestinal anguilluliasis, oxyuriasis and salmonellosis and the anorectal pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis, intestinal spirochetes, Mycoplasma homini, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Campylobacter-like organisms. Diagnosis is difficult since these infections are polymicrobial as a rule and often clinically asymptomatic or atypical and may be further modified by features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, traumatic lesions or anorectal tumours. Microbiological examination is an essential prerequisite to rational treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Digestive localizations of sexually transmitted diseases in male homosexuals]. 316 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>