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Query: UMLS:C0017455 (geotrichosis)
 27 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral mycoses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are becoming increasingly common. Of these, oral candidiasis is by far the most prevalent; fewer than 10 cases of cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and geotrichosis have thus far been reported. Oral candidiasis is one of the earliest premonitory signs of HIV infection and may present as erythematous, pseudomembranous, hyperplastic, or papillary variants, or as angular cheilitis. Cumulative data from 23 surveys (incorporating 3387 adults) suggest that in general, oral candidiasis may develop in one third to half of HIV-seropositive persons. Almost equal numbers of cases manifest with either erythematous or pseudomembranous variants. These and related concepts pertaining to oral mycoses in HIV infection are reviewed.
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PMID:Oral mycoses in HIV infection. 154 12

In a review of 61 consecutive autopsy cases with a hematologic malignancy, said cases extending from April, 1984 to August, 1989, 34 cases were documented to have had an invasive fungal infection. The highest rate of incidence was found in various leukemia cases (69 to 100%), followed by those who had had a malignant lymphoma (50%) and a multiple myeloma (33%). Cultures from autopsy materials that determined the presence of a fungus were positive in 21 cases, including 13 cases of candidiasis, 8 cases of aspergillosis, and 2 cases of geotrichosis. The most frequent site of the fungal infection was in the lungs (76%), followed by the GI tract, the kidneys, the liver, and the spleen. Of 36 cases that had been treated with an empiric antifungal therapy, an invasive fungal infection was documented in 22 cases, half of them being fatal. In contrast, of 20 cases that had not received any antifungal treatment prior to death, an invasive fungal infection was found in 8 cases and three of these were fatal.
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PMID:[Invasive fungal infections in hematologic malignancies--a retrospective study of 61 autopsied cases]. 236 25

It is interesting and useful to review the different mycoses which can affect oral and maxillofacial tissues. In this review, all mycoses which can involve these tissues are described, based on a simple classification into superficial and deep mycoses. The superficial mycoses described are the dermatophytoses, the Tineas, the piedras, but also the candidoses, which are superficial opportunistic infections. The deep mycoses are subdivided into subcutaneous, systemic, and opportunistic mycoses. Subcutaneous fungal infections are sporotrichosis, lobomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, entomophtoromycoses, and chromomycoses. Systemic fungal infections are paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, histoplasmosis duboisii, and coccidioidomycosis. Opportunistic mycoses are aspergillosis, mucormycosis, geotrichosis, torulopsosis (considered nowadays as a candidosis), basidiomycosis, cephalosporiomycosis, alternariosis, cercosporomycosis, paecilomycosis, and fusariomycosis. Eumycotic mycetomas are also cited.
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PMID:[General review of maxillofacial mycoses]. 257 45

It is interesting and useful to review the different mycoses which can affect oral and maxillofacial tissues. In this review, all mycoses which can involve these tissues are described, based on a simple classification into superficial and deep mycoses. The superficial mycoses described are the dermatophytoses, Tinea, the piedra, but also the candidiasis, which are superficial opportunistic infections. The deep mycoses are subdivided into subcutaneous, systemic, and opportunistic mycoses. Subcutaneous fungal infections are sporotrichosis, lobomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, entomophthoromycosis, and chromomycosis. Systemic fungal infections are paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, histoplasmosis duboisii, and coccidioidomycosis. Opportunistic mycoses are aspergillosis, mucormycosis, geotrichosis, torulopsosis (considered nowadays as a candidiasis), basidiomycosis, cephalosporiomycosis, alternariosis, cercosporomycosis, paecilomycosis, and fusariomycosis. Eumycotic mycetomas are also cited.
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PMID:[General review of mycoses affecting the maxillofacial area]. 267 59

The type of fungal infection and the immunologic status of the patient determine whether drug therapy should be used. Amphotericin B is the single most important antifungal agent for the treatment of systemic mycoses. Flucytosine is given adjunctively with amphotericin B. Miconazole, a new parenteral agent, may be useful in treating candidiasis, cryptococcosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and coccidioidomycosis. Potassium iodide is used to treat lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, bronchopulmonary geotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis. Nystatin, tolnaftate, clotrimazole and haloprogin are used for mucocutaneous infections. Griseofulvin is limited to the treatment of skin and nail infections caused by dermatophytes.
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PMID:Drugs for fungal infections. 689 17

A livid, sharply defined enanthema of the oral mucosa with ulcerations on the soft palate in a patient presenting with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with prolonged, therapy-induced granulocytopenia (< 0.5 nl-1 for 113 days!) was diagnosed as geotrichosis. Geotrichum capitatum was identified both in vivo and in vitro. Pneumonic infiltrates in the upper lobes of both lungs were treated with amphotericin B infusions. Healing of the aforementioned enanthema was only achieved after addition of 5-fluorocytosine to therapy. Susceptibility determinations with several Geotrichum capitatum isolates led to the conclusion that amphotericin B was unsuitable as a therapeutic agent in this case. 5-Fluorocytosine and itraconazole exhibited superior antifungal and antimycotic activity.
Mycoses
PMID:Geotrichosis of oral mucosa. 900 47

The mechanisms of immunity and allergy, at play in every infectious disease, must be comprehended before the pathogenesis of an infection can be appreciated.Immunity, allergy and serology are concerned with specific antigen-antibody reactions. In immunity the principal concern is with the final disposition of antigen (agglutination, lysis, and phagocytosis). In allergy attention is focused upon tissue damage resulting from antigen-antibody union. In serology interest is devoted to the presence of antibody as evaluated by certain visible in vitro reactions-precipitin, agglutination, opsonization and complement fixation tests. There are two types of allergic reaction-the immediate or anaphylactic type and the delayed type or the allergic disease of infection. Neither kind takes part in the mechanism of immunity. At this time the allergic antibody and the immune antibody must be considered as two different and distinct antibodies. Skin and serologic tests are important diagnostic aids in certain pulmonary mycotic infections-for example, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis and moniliasis. Clinical expressions of allergy may appear in coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis and moniliasis. Pulmonary mycoses are divided into three groups, that is, the endogenous mycoses (actinomycosis, moniliasis, geotrichosis), the endogenous-exogenous mycoses (cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis) and the exogenous mycoses (nocardiosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, North American blastomycosis). The diagnosis and treatment of the important mycotic infections that invade lung tissue are discussed.
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PMID:Pulmonary mycotic infections; allergic and immunologic factors. 1320 69

Geotrichosis is an uncommon fungal infection. Geotrichum capitatum is commonly acknowledged as an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes systemic geotrichosis in immunocompromised patients, especially patients with acute leukemia and severe neutropenia. Here, we report a case of oral geotrichosis caused by G. capitatum in an old patient with no hematological malignancies. Fungal cells were detected in clinical specimens obtained with oral swabs using the KOH technique. Yeast colonies with peripheral hairs were exclusively isolated as fungi from the oral mucosa and feces of the patient. The isolates were identified as G. capitatum by morphological findings, sugar-assimilation tests, and the nucleotide sequences of the ITS regions of the rDNA. Effective treatment of the patient was achieved with amphotericin B syrup in accord with the results of in vitro susceptibility tests. G. capitatum should be recognized as a fungal pathogen involved in superficial infections of older persons, as should Candida spp., even in the absence of hematological malignancies.
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PMID:A case of oral geotrichosis caused by Geotrichum capitatum in an old patient. 1788 72

Geotrichum candidum was cultured from the tonsils of a free-ranging weaner pig that was presented with lethargy and inappetence. Histopathology indicated pyogranulomatous tonsillitis with intralesional fungal hyphae and arthrospores. Geotrichosis is a rare, opportunistic mycosis of immunocompromised hosts, usually human beings.
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PMID:Tonsillitis in a weaner pig associated with Geotrichum candidum. 2121 55

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) causes morbidity and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies who receive cytotoxic chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We evaluated the incidence and treatment outcomes of proven and probable IFI in 22 institutions between 2006 and 2008 following the recent European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG) consensus criteria. We analyzed 2,821 patients with hematological malignancies, including 597 who had undergone HSCT; these included patients with acute leukemia (n = 697), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 284), lymphoma (n = 1465), or multiple myeloma (n = 375). IFIs were diagnosed in 38 (1.3%) patients (18 proven and 20 probable), including 20 patients who underwent HSCT and 18 who received chemotherapy alone; these included patients with aspergillosis (n = 23), candidiasis (n = 6), mucormycosis (n = 6), trichosporonosis (n = 2), and geotrichosis (n = 1). The incidence of IFI was 5.4 % in allogeneic HSCT patients, 0.4 % in autologous HSCT patients, and 0.8 % in patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Eighteen patients with aspergillosis were diagnosed with probable pulmonary IFI as determined by computed tomography scan and positive galactomannan assay. Overall, antifungal targeted therapies resulted in successful outcomes in 60.0 % of patients. IFI-attributable mortality rate was higher in HSCT patients than in those receiving chemotherapy alone, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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PMID:Epidemiology and treatment outcome of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies. 2311 39


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