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 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prior to the revolution in Algeria in 1969, the infant mortality rate for the native population was markedly higher than the rate for Europeans living in Algeria and the rate did not decrease for the native population during the colonial period. For the urban native population, the infant mortality rate was 3-5 times higher than the rate for Europeans living in urban areas of Algeria during the period 1954-1960. Rural rates were probably much higher. These high rates were due to a failure on the part of the colonial powers to provide adequately for the health care needs of the native population. Since the revolution, the mortality rate for infants has declined. The mean infant mortality rate for 1954-1960 was 102.4/1000 live births while the mean rate during the 7 years following the revolution was 78.3/1000 live births. This decrease reflects the improvements made in health care services by the Algerian People's Democratic Republic. During the colonial era there was only one medical school in Algeria; now there are three; and in 1977, 823 medical school students were graduated. During the period 1963-1972, the number of hospital beds increased by 17.8% and the number of physicians increased by 55.3%. During this same period the health budget doubled and now accounts for 5-7% of the national budget. Line graphs show 1) mortality, infant mortality, and child mortality rates for European and native populations in Algeria for 1954-1960; 2) infant mortality rates by race for Algeria, 1960-1970; and 3) infant mortality rates for France and for native and European Algerian populations for 1906-1960. (Summaries in GER, FRE, SPA).
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PMID:Infant mortality in the Algerian People's Democratic Republic. 58 80

Trends in perinatal and infant mortality in Italy from 1955 to 1984 are analyzed using official data. The authors note that despite significant reductions in stillbirths, perinatal mortality, and infant mortality over time, the broad differences among geographical areas has remained constant. They also find that lower infant and perinatal mortality rates are strongly correlated with general indicators of health care, such as number of hospital beds per inhabitant and per capita health expenditure. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)
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PMID:Descriptive epidemiology of perinatal and infant mortality in various Italian geographic areas. 314 60

The authors first introduce methods of applying the partitioned model of population structure developed by Wahlund to anthropometric data in order to assess the overall differentiation among subdivisions of a population. These methods are then applied to the analysis of data from rural western Ireland in an attempt to examine the effects of cultural variation in migration-related behavior on the degree of differentiation. The patterns of differentiation with reference to geographic distance are also briefly examined (SUMMARY IN FRE, GER)
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PMID:Population structure and anthropometric variation in rural western Ireland: migration and biological differentiation. 723 22

"We present a model for deriving optimal sequential migration decisions under incomplete information. As a main characteristic of the model, the decision maker can rationally learn about pecuniary and non-pecuniary net return on migration in different countries by migrating into these countries. Furthermore it is shown that the optimal migration policy can be characterized by a 'simple' procedure, called 'Gittins-index policy'. In the context of our sequential migration model we find more satisfying explanations for some relevant empirical observations (e.g. remigration) than...would be possible within the traditional deterministic approach." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)
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PMID:International migration under incomplete information. 1215 97

"The present paper attempts to provide a positive, politico-economic explanation of actual social security policies [in developed countries]. A theoretical framework is devised which integrates individual utility maximization and governmental maximization of expected political support. Individual support depends on how net economic benefit from a pay-as-you-go financed state pension scheme is translated into a probability of voting for the government. The relation between net economic positions, public policy parameters, and voting probabilities is made explicit by referring to the logit model of qualitative choice. The analysis is set in an overlapping generations framework. Optimal state pension policies are characterized, relating such diverse factors as population aging, political power distribution, social solidarity, and income taxation." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)
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PMID:Population aging and social security: a politico-economic model of state pension financing. 1217 69

The author examines a method of producing annual Cuban population estimates according to age and sex for the period 1970 to 1985. He suggests that this type of demographic estimation is useful when a relatively uncomplicated procedure is desired and very precise values are not necessary (SUMMARY IN ENG, FRE, GER,)
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PMID:[A case of population estimation according to sex and age performed in a limited time: methodology and evaluation]. 1226 7

The authors examine the various factors associated with the decline in infant mortality in Cuba between 1970 and 1979. Variations in infant mortality by province, causes of death, and the role of infant health services are discussed. (summary in ENG, FRE, GER, )
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PMID:[Infant mortality in Cuba, 1970-1979]. 1226

The author examines trends in perinatal mortality in selected countries over the past 10 years. Some international comparisons are made, particularly regarding the contrast between the progress made by industrialized countries in further reducing already low levels of perinatal mortality and the lack of progress in developing countries. The inadequacies of available data are noted, and the high rate of mortality decline in Cuba is discussed. (summary in ENG, FRE, GER, )
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PMID:[The present situation regarding perinatal mortality]. 1226 1

This paper is concerned with the application of geometric programming to a specific land use problem in New South Wales, Australia. Two entropy models are linked to form a predictive model that is used to generate population projections for a planning region for 1986. The results of the projections are then discussed. (summary in FRE, GER)
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PMID:Models for forecasting residential populations: the geometric programming approach. 1226 73

"In this paper, it is argued that to identify the appropriate conditions under which the traditional gravity-type migration model should be tested, it is necessary to consider the wider demographic-economic framework in which such models play an essential part. The traditional model and attempts to make it more realistic in an ad hoc way are first sketched, and then the model is embedded in a dynamic framework based on nonlinear differential equations of the logistic kind describing the growth of population and employment. The role of the gravity model in coupling these equations is then developed." A theoretical analysis of this framework is then presented using simulation. "The simplest possible two-region case involving urban and rural regions is developed and after preliminary simulations, a more realistic version involving urban core, suburb and rural hinterland is proposed. A number of variants of this model are tested using simulation and it is concluded that in devising an appropriate test for this type of migration model, attention should be switched from spatial to temporal variation in migration using highly polarized spatial situations such as city regions." (summary in FRE, GER)
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PMID:A strategy for generating and testing models of migration and urban growth. 1226 55


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