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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of intravenous atropine 0-6 mg alone, metoclopramide (Maxolon) 10mg alone and atropine 0-6 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg in combination, on the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) were studied in three groups of normal human volunteers. Atropine decreased the LOS pressure by an average of 8 cm H2O (P less than 0-001), whereas metoclopramide increased the LOS pressure by a mean of 29 cmH2O compared to basal values (P less than 0-001). In contrast, no change in sphincter tone was noted following injection of atropine-metaclopramide mixture. These findings are relevant to the pre-operative preparation of patients presenting for emergency anaesthesia, since gasgro-oesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration of acid gastric content continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:The administration of metoclopramide with atropine. A drug interaction effect on the gastro-oesophageal sphincter in man. 101 2

Importance of the water and acid-barium tests (De Carvalho and Donner tests) was proved in a large series of cases demonstrating an unknown gastro-oesophageal reflux and an associated oesophagitis.
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PMID:The De Carvalho and acid-barium tests in the demonstration of an unsuspected gastro-oesophageal reflux and its related oesophagitis. 110 1

Resting lower esophageal sphincter pressures and fasting serum gastrin levels were measured in 35 consecutive patients. 28 of these patients were subdivided into Group I, which consisted of 9 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia, and Group II was further subdivided into Group IIA, 5 patients with hiatus hernias, and Group IIB, 14 patients without hiatus hernia. Mean LES pressures for Groups I, IIA, and IIB were 9.7, 36.8, and 25.6 cm H2O, and serum gastrin levels were 129, 74, and 116 pg/ml, respectively. Examination of these data as a whole or as subgroups failed to demonstrate a correlation between these two variables. The remaining 7 patients had abnormal sphincters (3 patients which scleroderma and 2 with achalasia) or abnormal serum gastrin levels (1 patient with pernicious anemia and 1 patient with antrectomy and Billroth II anastomosis). For these patients as well, no correlation between LES pressure and serum gastrin level was found. These results cast doubt on the hypothesis that endogenous gastrin is a major factor in the maintenance of resting LES pressure.
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PMID:Correlation of lower esophageal sphincter pressure and serum gastrin level in man. 114 86

Between September 1983 and March 1991, 251 consecutive patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux resistant to medical treatment underwent posterior hemifundoplication (modified Toupet procedure). One hundred and seventy-seven patients (71 percent) had peptic oesophagitis. pH monitoring showed a mean Kaye's score of 278 +/- 245 with a 29 percent part of total recording time at pH < 4. The mean low oesophageal sphincter pressure was 8.5 +/- 6.5 cm H2O. No patient died in the postoperative period. Morbidity consisted of 8 splenic injuries, as well as 8 pulmonary and 23 thromboembolic complications. Assessment of 199 patients (79 percent) with a mean follow-up of 32 +/- 21 months showed complete symptomatic relief in 96.5 percent, and complete endoscopic healing of oesophagitis was noted in 96 percent. Restoration of the pH profile to normal levels was obtained in 86 percent of the cases. The mean low oesophageal sphincter pressure had risen to 17 +/- 6 cm H2O. Early postoperative dysphagia was noted in 46 patients (18 percent); one of them required reoperation. Reflux symptoms persisted in 9 patients (4.5 percent). pH monitoring revealed abnormal levels in 3 patients. The results of this study demonstrate that effective gastro-oesophageal reflux control can be achieved with the modified Toupet procedure.
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PMID:[Gastroesophageal reflux treated by posterior hemifundoplication. 251 cases]. 145 66

The effect of cold stress on postprandial lower esophageal sphincter competence and gastroesophageal reflux was investigated in nine healthy subjects. All subjects were studied twice in a randomized order according to a common protocol: 30 min after completion of a 700-kcal meal they put their nondominant hand in water either at 37 degrees C (control stimulus) or at 4 degrees C (stressful stimulus) cyclically for 20 min. Pulse rate and blood pressure rose significantly (P less than 0.01) during the stressful stimulus, but remained unaffected by the control stimulus. Rate of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations/30 min [median (interquartile range)] was similar before and during control stimulus, 4 (2.7-5.0) and 3 (2.0-4.5), respectively, whereas it was markedly inhibited during the stressful stimulus [from 5 (3.7-6.0) to 2 (1.0-2.0); P less than 0.05 vs control stimulus]. Rate of reflux episodes/30 min was also similar before and during control stimulus, 1 (0-1.2) and 1 (1.0-2.2), but fell consistently during the stressful stimulus [from 2 (0-3.2) to 1 (0-2.0); P less than 0.05 vs control stimulus]. Percentage of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations accompanied by a reflux episode was unaffected by stress as was basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure. It is concluded that cold stress decreases the postprandial rate of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux episodes in healthy humans.
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PMID:Effect of cold stress on postprandial lower esophageal sphincter competence and gastroesophageal reflux in healthy subjects. 149 43

Of 199 neonates undergoing primary or delayed primary repair of esophageal atresia, 34 (17%) developed anastomotic leakage, 7 of which (3.5%) were major anastomotic disruptions. Infants with major leaks developed signs within 5 days and all required early reoperation, necessitating abandonment of the esophagus in 6. The remaining 27 were minor leaks demonstrated by water-soluble contrast studies and were successfully treated nonoperatively. Gastroesophageal reflux was unassociated with this complication but the use of braided silk sutures was associated with a significantly increased risk of anastomotic leakage when compared with polyglycolic acid (relative risk, 3.2) or polypropylene (relative risk, 2.6) sutures. Following anastomotic leakage there was a significantly increased risk (relative risk, 2.04) of subsequent esophageal stricture formation.
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PMID:Anastomotic leakage following surgery for esophageal atresia. 155 39

The authors report 200 cases of cardiopexy with the ligamentum teres (Rampal-Marchal's procedure) associated with a 180 degree posterior fundoplication, in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. 200 patients with severe reflux (76% oesophagitis) were operated on with this procedure over a 10 year period. Symptoms of reflux disappeared immediately in 99% cases, with healing of oesophagitis in 124 out of the 127 patients controlled with endoscopy, and a significant increase of inferior sphincteric pressure (from 11 cm H2O to 25 cm H2O). Objective controls by post-prandial pHmetry evidenced persistant reflux with 10 patients, but 9 of them are totally free of symptoms. Operative mortality was 1.5%. Transient dysphagia was observed in 32% cases. All the patients were reviewed with a mean follow up of 23 months. 4 clinical recurrences of reflux were observed (2%) but no oesophagitis was found on endoscopic controls with these 4 patients, and only one had to be reoperated on. Actuarial chance to remain free of recurrence was estimated at 97.8% up to 48 months according to the Kaplan-Maier's method. Cardiopexy with the ligamentum teres ensures the lengthening of the abdominal portion of the oesophagus and anchors the antireflux assembly within the pressure environment of the abdomen in a strong and flexible way. It seems to be the best procedure for the treatment of GE reflux.
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PMID:[Cardiopexy using the hepatic ligament in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Apropos of 200 cases]. 179 73

Feeding difficulty is a major problem in severely retarded children. Fourteen patients aged from 5 to 36 years with physical and intellectual impairments who had feeding difficulties were investigated by videofluoroscopy. Video-fluoroscopic findings showed that the liquid was easier to be aspirated than the paste, and that in the sitting position aspirations were more frequent than in the supine. The predisposing factors of feeding difficulties were thought to be poor bolus formation by the tongue, delayed swallowing reflex, incomplete closure of the larynx and poor pharyngeal pressure. Of ten cases that showed markedly gulped air, three of them had gastro-esophageal reflux, which was very likely caused by the increased intragastric pressure. Seven patients fed by nasogastric tube feeding were examined their swallowing ability by dropping contrast medium into the oral cavity. Three patients aspirated contrast media into bronchi. This suggests that they also generally aspirated saliva which resulted in recurrent respiratory infection. It is therefore important to maintain the swallowing function in patients fed by nasogastric tube. Low osmolality water soluble contrast medium was used in this study. There were no complications. This medium is thought to be safer than the standard media of barium solutions or other high osmolality contrast media, especially for the patients who suffer from aspiration.
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PMID:[Radiological studies of feeding disorders in severely retarded children]. 190 52

Long duration oesophageal pH recordings were performed on 42 mechanically ventilated and parenterally fed preterm infants for a mean (SD) of 94 (28) hours. Their mean (SD) gestational age was 31.5 (2.6) weeks and birth weight 1514 (448) g. Their mean postnatal age was 19 (10) hours at the onset of pH recording, which was performed with the babies supine. The mean hourly values for the total number of episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) was 2.3 (2.7), for acid GOR 1.2 (1.4), and for acid GOR longer than 5 minutes 0.08 (0.09). The time the pH was greater than 4 (the reflux index) was 3.5 (3.3)% and the mean airway pressure was 6.6 (5.1) cm H2O. Fifteen infants had a reflux index above 5%. GOR patterns were not significantly correlated to birth weight, gestational age, postconceptional age, ventilatory patterns, and duration of mechanical ventilation. We concluded that the reproducibility of the reflux index was low because the median of the absolute differences was 1% when two consecutive 12 hour periods were compared and reached 2.5% when the two periods were separated by 96 hours. A second 24 hour pH recording was performed in 30 of the 42 patients after weaning from the ventilator and at a time when patients were asymptomatic and enterally fed. Compared with the late postprandial period of the second pH recording, the first recording showed an increase in the number of episodes of GOR and a decrease in reflux index, without any difference in the number of episodes of acid GOR.
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PMID:Gastro-oesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. 190 44

Surveys of athletes, primarily runners, have shown that digestive disorders are common, associated both with training and racing. Women, in particular, seem to suffer most commonly. Nearly half have loose stools and nausea and vomiting occur frequently after hard runs. Diarrhoea, incontinence and rectal bleeding occur with surprising frequency. Runners may use medications prophylactically to minimise some of these symptoms. Upper digestive symptoms seem to occur more commonly in multisport events such as triathlons or enduro. The published literature is difficult to analyse and the basic intestinal physiology not well studied. Most gastroenterologists are accustomed to evaluating the fasting patient at rest and exercise physiologists are seldom experienced with digestive techniques. Digestive symptoms occurring with exercise referable to the oesophagus include chest pain, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, or symptoms related to alterations in motility. While little is known of the oesophageal physiology during exercise, it is believed that only minimal changes occur in most subjects. Gastro-oesophageal reflux occurs more frequently with exercise than at rest and may produce symptoms of chest pain suggestive of ischaemic disease. Acid exposure may be reduced by pretreatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Oesophageal symptoms, though common, are rarely disabling to the athlete, and the clinical importance lies in confusion with ischaemic disease. Cases of acute gastric stasis following running have been reported and gastric physiology during exercise, particularly bicycling, has been more actively investigated. Gastric emptying during exercise is subject to a number of factors including calorie count, meal osmolality, meal temperature and exercise conditions. However, it is generally accepted that light exercise accelerates liquid emptying, vigorous exercise delays solid emptying and has little effect upon liquid emptying until near exhaustion. Gastric acid secretion probably changes little with exercise although some have postulated that ulcer patients may increase secretion with exercise. Some exercise-associated digestive symptoms, such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain, have been attributed to changes in intestine function. Small bowel transit is delayed by exercise when measured by breath hydrogen oral caecal transit times and motility may be reduced as well. Intestinal absorption during exercise has not been well evaluated but probably changes little in ordinary circumstances. Passive absorption of water, electrolytes and xylose are not affected by submaximal effort. Colonic transit and function is even more difficult to evaluate and published results have been conflicting. However, it is likely that many of the lower digestive complaints of runners such as diarrhoea and lower abdominal cramps are due to direct effects of exercise upon the colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. 218 30


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