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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration of acid gastric content remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality. A drug which increases lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone would reduce this hazard. The effect of LOS function of intravenous cyclizine (25 mg), in half the recommended adult dose, was investigated in 8 volunteers. Cyclizine increased the LOS pressure by an average of 14,4 cm H2O (P less than 0,005). Cyclizine, like metoclopramide, has a desirable functional effect on the LOS. Both drugs are, in addition, potent anti-emetics. On the grounds of these pharmacological properties they are recommended in the preparation of patients for emergency surgery.
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PMID:The effect of cyclizine hydrochloride on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in man. 1 2

In order to establish whether alcohol in amounts in amounts customarily imbibed during social drinking causes gastro-oesophageal reflux, 12 healthy young individuals, without symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, were studied twice. Each time, distal oesophageal pH was monitored continuously for three hours after a standard meal which included either 180 ml 100 proof vodka or 180 ml water. The order of studies with and without alcohol was random. Peak blood alcohol concentrations ranged between 0.63 and 1.29 g/l. Eleven of the 12 subjects refluxed more after alcohol; and the difference in mean reflux scores for studies with and without alcohol was highly significant. We conclude that relatively modest quanttities of alcohol induce gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy people.
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PMID:Induction of gastro-oesophageal reflux by alcohol. 2 30

Intraoperative lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures and lenghts were measured in 10 pediatric patients requiring surgery for compications of gastroesophageal reflux. LES pressure changed significantly pre- and post-Nissen fundoplication (9.8 +/- 1.51 mm Hg vs. 32.8 +/- 2.68 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). LES length also showed a significant change (1.3 +/- 0.13 cm vs. 2.8 +/- 0.26 cm, p less than 0.001). One week postoperatively LES pressures were significantly greater than preoperative values (26.4 +/- 1.74 mm Hg vs. 15.6 +/- 2.64 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Eight of 10 patients have been evaluated 6 mo post fundoplication. None has gastroesophageal reflux by acid reflux testing or water siphon barium esophagram. None of the 10 patients has had gas bloat syndrome during the follow-up period.
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PMID:Use of intraoperative esophageal manometrics in surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatric patients. 3 35

Fifty-nine symptomatic children were radiologically evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux with the water siphon test and also with the acid reflux test and esophageal manometry. Of those with reflux on pH testing, 95% had positive water siphon tests, and 38% also had spontaneous barium reflux. Of those with negative acid reflux tests, 29% had positive water siphon tests. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure did not correlate with either test unless the pressure was less than 10 mm Hg. Barium esophagography with the water siphon test is the appropriate initial examination in symptomatic patients, but the false-positive rate is high.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux in children: evaluation of the water siphon test. 3 15

Respiratory distress, apnea, and chronic pulmonary disease since birth were identified in 14 infants who also had symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. Birth weights varied from 760 to 4,540 gm. All infants had radiographic changes similar to those in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cessation of apnea and improvement of pulmonary disease occurred only after medical (8) or surgical (6) control of gastroesophageal reflux. Simultaneous tracings of esophageal pH, heart rate, impedance pneumography, and nasal air flow in five infants demonstrated that reflux preceded apnea. Apnea could be induced by instillation of dilute acid, but not water or formula, into the esophagus. Prolonged monitoring of esophageal pH more than two hours after feeding in 14 other infants less than 6 weeks of age (birth weight 780 to 3,350 gm) without a history of recent vomiting indicated that reflux was not greater than in normal older children.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux causing respiratory distress and apnea in newborn infants. 3 84

Twelve-hour simultaneous registration of acid gastro-oesophageal reflux and peristaltic activity in the oesophagus was carried out on 30 healthy subjects. The intensity of the acid gastro-oesophageal reflux was determined by automatic integration of the pH variation. Acid gastro-oesophageal reflux to pH less than or equal to 4 occurs in normal subjects within a range of 0--2.4% of the total registration period. The intravariation was measured in 10 investigations on 1 subject, and lay within the intervariation. To maintain the pressure-measuring system intact, 3 ml H2O/h were fed to the proximal and distal pressure catheters, respectively; it has been shown that this small quantity of water has no influence on the pH variation. Peristaltic activity for the entire measuring period was recorded and related to the individual reflex episodes. The total activity was found to be dependent on the level of consciousness, with little activity occurring during sleep. A positive correlation was found between the lowest pH during a reflux episode and the peristaltic activity in the oesophagus (p less than 0.001), between the lowest pH during a reflux episode and the duration of the reflux episode (p less than 0.001), and between the peristaltic activity and the duration of the reflux episode (p less than 0.001). During long-term registration of oesophageal pH it appears that pH less than or equal to 4 is a usable parameter for distinguishing between pathological and non-pathological acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. Sudden falls in pH to below 4 release increased peristalsis in the oesophagus.
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PMID:12-Hour simultaneous registration of acid reflex and peristaltic activity in the oesophagus. A study in normal subjects. 4 Mar 3

None of the tests employed currently to investigate esophageal transit is quantitative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate normal subjects and patients with a variety of esophageal disorders using a scintigraphic technique to quantitate esophageal transit. After oral administration of a bolus of water labeled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid, isotopic count rates were measured over the esophagus employing a gamma-camera on line to a digital computer. Esophageal transit was expressed as the percent emptying for each of the first 15-sec after the initial swallow and for 15-sec intervals after serial swallows. Sixty-two subjects were studied, including: normal volunteers; patients with motor disorders of the esophagus such as achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and scleroderma; and patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux both with and without esophageal motor dysfunction on manometic testing. Esophageal transit was decreased significantly after single and multiple swallows in patients with motor disorders of the esophagus. In addition, esophageal transit was abnormal in patients with reflux disease accompanied by abnormal motor function. In contrast, esophageal transit was normal after a single swallow, but incomplete after serial swallows in patients with reflux associated with normal esophageal motor function on manometry. We conclude that esophageal scintigraphy may be used to evaluate esophageal transit.
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PMID:Esophageal scintigraphy to quantitate esophageal transit (quantitation of esophageal transit). 43 38

Alcohol drinking induces acute and chronic lesions of the GI tract; some other GI disorders do occur more frequently in drinkers than in other persons. Alcoholics suffer from gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's syndrome, exophageal cancer and Mallory-Weiss syndrome as well as from hemorrhagic erosive gastritis more often than normal. It is still unsettled if chronic gastritis can be due to alcohol drinking. Alcohol inhibits to some degree the absorption of water, electrolytes, disaccharides and vitamin B12 in the small intestine; it may as well impair intestinal motility and cause diarrhea. Many aspects of the effects of alcohol on the GI tract still remain to be elucidated. The main stay of therapy is abstenence.
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PMID:[Alcohol and gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. 70 68

Esophageal and gastric tone was recorded in six pregnant and six nonpregnant women by means of a new technique for intraluminal pressure recordings. The recordings were performed in supine and standing positions, at rest, and during swallowing of saliva or water. It was found that the pregnant women had lower intraesophageal pressures but higher intragastric pressures compared to the nonpregnant women. In one of the pregnant women a negative pressure situation was recorded between the stomach and lower esophagus. This patient also complained of severe heartburn when she was lying down. Gastroesophageal reflux seems to be aggravated in pregnant women since esophageal peristalsis in these patients has lower wave speed and lower amplitude compared to nonpregnant women.
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PMID:Esophageal manometry in pregnant and nonpregnant women. 70 65

Described is an original technic in which water is used in conjunction with the barium examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. After the routine barium examination, the ingestion of water through a straw with a hole in it, while the patient is upright, results in a triple-contrast study of the stomach. The technic has proven useful in: (1) demonstrating all types of benign and malignant lesions in the stomach, pyloric valve, and duodenum; (2) showing benign and malignant lesions, inaccessible to palpation, in the fundus and upper portions of the stomach body; (3) demonstrating "occult" ulcers when the water washes away all of the barium except that which for some unknown reason remains within the ulcer crater; (4) examining the postoperative stomach, particularly when marginal ulceration is suspected after subtotal gastrectomy; and (5) demonstrating hiatal hernias and gastroesophageal reflux. A modified technic is used for patients who can only be examined in the recumbent position.
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PMID:Use of water in the examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. 91 Jan 75


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