Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients is frequently associated with gastroesophageal reflux. However, it is still unclear whether bronchoconstriction originates from the esophagus or from aspiration of the refluxate into the larynx and larger airway. We compared the effect of repeated esophageal and laryngeal instillations of HCl-pepsin (pH 1.0) on tracheal smooth muscle activity in eight anesthetized and artificially ventilated dogs. Saline was used as control. We used pressure in the cuff of an endotracheal tube (Pcuff) as a direct index of smooth muscle activity at the level of the larger airways controlled by vagal efferents. The Pcuff values of the first 60 s after instillations were averaged, and the difference from the baseline values was evaluated. Changes in Pcuff were significantly greater with laryngeal than with esophageal instillations (P = 0.0166). HCl-pepsin instillation into the larynx evoked greater responses than did saline (P = 0.00543), whereas no differences were detected with esophageal instillations. Repeated laryngeal exposure enhanced the responsiveness significantly (P < 0. 001). Our data indicate that the larynx is more important than the esophagus as a reflexogenic site for the elicitation of reflex bronchoconstriction in response to acidic solutions.
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PMID:Larynx vs. esophagus as reflexogenic sites for acid-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. 1019 7

This work describes a laboratory experiment intended to study the formation and spectral reflectance properties of stratified salt crusts that cause severe environmental degradations to soil and water resources in arid regions. Salt crusts were prepared by evaporating three types of saline solutions consisting of i) NaCl - Na2SO4, ii) Na2SO4 - MgSO4, and iii) NaCl - MgSO4 at an initial concentrations of 50 mmol L(-1). They were examined for evaporite mineralogy using X-ray diffraction, optical and reflected microscopes, and for spectral reflectance with a high-resolution spectroradiometer (GER 3700) in the visible and near-infrared regions (400-2500 nm). The study documented chemical and environmental implications of the spectral properties of salt formed from the studied saline-systems. The reported results can be used to understand remotely sensed signatures of salt crusts and their implications.
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PMID:Chemical and environmental implications of visible and near-infrared spectral features of salt crusts formed from different brines. 1524 96

Heartburn is the hallmark of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The hypothesis tested in this study is that the time of onset of this symptom may play a role in the development of mucosal lesions. During endoscopy of 61 patients complaining of heartburn and nine control subjects, gastric fluid was aspirated using a catheter introduced through the operative channel, and blindly instilled onto the esophageal mucosa before withdrawing the endoscope. Saline was used as control. Evocated symptoms and endoscopic lesions were recorded. Thirty-seven patients did not present esophageal lesions (nonerosive reflux disease [NERD]); 24 presented esophagitis (ERD). Instillation of gastric fluid on the esophageal mucosa elicited heartburn in 46% of patients with NERD, 8.3% with ERD, and 11.1% of controls. Symptoms lasted throughout the procedure but were no longer present when the gastroscope was withdrawn. The NERD value was significantly higher than that of ERD (P= 0.02) and controls (P= 0.02), while no difference was found between ERD and controls. Saline did not induce symptoms either in controls or patients. NERD patients show an early response to gastric fluid instillation much more frequently than ERD and controls. It is hypothesized that the early onset of symptoms in NERD patients may be a possibility to avoid the progress of mucosal lesions by claiming an earlier medical care.
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PMID:Early acid perception in NERD. 2081 99