Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabeprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor, used in acid-related disorders, like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux. It is known to be an acid-labile drug, however, few data about its stability under other factors are available. The aim of this work was to study the photodegradation of rabeprazole, to determine its kinetics and to elucidate the structures of the main degradation products. UVC-254 nm and metal-halide lamps were used. The analysis of the samples was carried out by HPLC. When the drug was in methanol solution, one main degradation product was formed; the degradation rate followed zero-order kinetics. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic determinations revealed the product was the benzimidazolone. Another isolated product was identified as benzimidazole. The latter was confirmed against an authentic sample. A third photodegradation product was identified as the [4-(3-methoxy-propoxy)-3-methyl-pyridin-2-yl]methanol, by (1)H and (13)C NMR of the reaction mixture in chloroform-d. When powdered commercial tablets were exposed to UVC irradiation, they showed the same degradation products along with other unidentified, which appeared as traces; the degradation rate was slower than in solution. The intact tablets were stable after 50 days of exposition to the same light source.
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PMID:Structural elucidation of rabeprazole sodium photodegradation products. 1794 53

Pantoprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor, used in acid-related disorders, like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux. This drug is unstable in acid solution and in the presence of salts. The aim of this work was to study the photostability under UVC radiation of pantoprazole and to determine its kinetics. A methanol solution and the solid pantoprazole were evaluated by HPLC within 120 min and 10 days, respectively. The work was also dedicated to evaluate and compare the ability of microencapsulation in stabilizing pantoprazole after UVC radiation. Pantoprazole-loaded microparticles prepared by emulsification/solvent evaporation or spray drying were compared. Pantoprazole was encapsulated using Eudragit S100 or its blend with poly(epsilon-caprolactone) or HPMC. In methanol solution, pantoprazole was completely degraded after 120 min and presented zero-order kinetics with t1/2 of 6.48 min. In the solid form, after 10 days, pantoprazole concentration was reduced to 27% following zero-order kinetic. The microparticles prepared only with Eudragit S100 demonstrated an increase of the drug photostability. After 10 days of irradiation, 56 and 44% of the drug was stable when encapsulated by emulsification/solvent evaporation and spray drying, respectively. The use of polymer blends did not improve the pantoprazole photostability.
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PMID:Increasing sodium pantoprazole photostability by microencapsulation: effect of the polymer and the preparation technique. 1837 52

A fast, non-invasive, high-performance liquid chromatographic screening method with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was developed for the analysis of three major glycine-conjugated bile acids in human saliva. Using a mobile phase composed of 80% methanol and 0.1% formic acid, glycocholic, glycodeoxycholic, and glycochenodeoxycholic acids were separated in less than 4 minutes with sensitivity in the low nM range. Bile acids are thought to contribute to the pathology of various complications in gastroesophageal reflux disease, for instance, Barrett's esophagus, which may eventually lead to esophageal carcinoma. In this pilot study, samples of saliva obtained from 15 patients with Barrett's esophagus of various severities were compared to saliva samples from 10 healthy volunteers. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid was significantly elevated in the patients and principal component analysis of all bile acids could distinguish the most severe Barrett's esophagus patients. We also reported on the detection of glycochenodeoxycholic acid in exhaled breath condensate for the first time. The promising results of this pilot study warrant future investigation, aiming at non-invasive diagnostics of Barrett's esophagus susceptibility in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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PMID:Analysis of major bile acids in saliva samples of patients with Barrett's esophagus using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. 3270 30