Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

General localization of gastrointestinal bleeding through the use of labeled red blood cells may be performed in children, or (99m)Tc-pertechnetate may be used if a Meckel's diverticulum is suspected. As in adults, cholecystitis and biliary leak may be assessed in children via (99m)Tc-IDA derivatives. Gastroesophageal reflux can be evaluated by oral consumption of the child's usual diet labeled with (99m)Tc sulfur colloid. For the scintigraphic determination of pulmonary aspiration, a relatively high concentration of tracer within a drop of liquid is placed beneath the child's tongue followed by dynamic imaging of the respiratory tract. Colonic transit scintigraphy can aid in the identification and therapeutic decision-making in patients with functional fecal retention, the most common cause of chronic constipation in children. (18)F-DOPA positron emission tomography is useful for classifying pancreatic involvement in infantile hyperinsulinism as focal or diffuse, thereby differentiating between patients who should receive curative focal pancreatic resection versus those who should receive medical management. Assessment of protein-losing enteropathy can be conducted scintigraphically and, compared with fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin collection, the scintigraphic method can detect esophageal and gastric protein loss. Also, scintigraphic quantification of protein loss can be performed without the requirement for fecal collection. Intestinal inflammation in children with inflammatory bowel disease can be evaluated using (99m)Tc white blood cells. The scintigraphic method is safe, accurate, well-tolerated by children and complementary to endoscopy in most patients.
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PMID:Pediatric gastrointestinal nuclear medicine. 1754 27

A 21/2-month-old girl presented with feeding difficulties of 8 weeks' duration. She cried, vomited, arched, and became rigid during every feeding. She was suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dystonia and developmental delay became apparent at age 8 months. Nasogastric tube feeding and gastrostomy with Nissen's fundoplication were performed at age 7 and 12 months, respectively. She was treated with baclofen, trihexyphenidyl, and antireflux therapy, without benefit. She became severely developmentally delayed with marked head lag, dystonia, and rigidity. Levodopa therapy was initiated at age 21 months. She manifested dramatic improvement over the next year. Dystonia, rigidity, and retching disappeared soon after treatment. She experienced good catch-up in development. She exhibited poor head control and an inability to reach out at age 21 months, but bottom shuffling was observed at age 26 months, and walking and speaking three-word sentences at age 2 years and 10 months. Pertinent issues relating to signs, pathophysiology, genetics, and biochemical defects are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Dystonia during feeding as an early sign of dopa-responsive dystonia. 1776 12

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors were discovered in the mid 1980s and originally described as glutamate receptors coupled to polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Almost 6500 articles have been published since then, and subtype-selective mGlu receptor ligands are now under clinical development for the treatment of a variety of disorders such as Fragile-X syndrome, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias, generalized anxiety disorder, chronic pain, and gastroesophageal reflux disorder. Prof. Erminio Costa was linked to the early times of the mGlu receptor history, when a few research groups challenged the general belief that glutamate could only activate ionotropic receptors and all metabolic responses to glutamate were secondary to calcium entry. This review moves from those nostalgic times to the most recent advances in the physiology and pharmacology of mGlu receptors, and highlights the role of individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the pathophysiology of human disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Trends in neuropharmacology: in memory of Erminio Costa'.
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PMID:Metabotropic glutamate receptors: from the workbench to the bedside. 2103 82