Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possible participation of a stimulated ACTH secretion in the promotion of the pineal gland reactive response under conditions of injection stress was studied. Morphine was used as a pharmacological mimicry of the stress-induced ACTH outflow in the post-injection period of 10-45 min. In animals subjected to injection stress (administration of the physiological solution), in the 10-th min. light pinealocytes exhibited a significant rise in the relative volume of the GER field and the Gogli apparatus, as well as bouquets of presecretory or secretory forms of the cell processes and frequent extrusion of lipid droplets. From 20-th min. on, the relative volume of their membranous elaborative compartment gradually decreased, the cell processes were missing and the lipid droplet extrusion was rare. The rich arbourisation of the GER tubules, the active appearance of the Golgi apparatus and a more abundant occurrence of lipid droplets--a picture which persisted even in 30 min.--showed that the intensified elaborative activity of dark pinealocytes, a minor cell population, was of longer duration in comparison with light pinealocytes. The subsequent fall in their stress-reactive response points out that the function of light and dark pinealocytes is driven by different regulative systems. Based on the principle that the function is the reflection of morphometabolic changes, in can be concluded that 10 min. after the injection act, the pineal gland has a short-term crescendo of its stress-reactive response. The morphine injection did not cause any significant changes in both pinealocyte populations in 10 min. A considerable increase of the relative volume of the constituents of the membrane elaborative compartment was found in light pinealocytes in the next observational periods, i.e., in the 20-th and the 30-th min. The lack of any conspicuous signs of an enhanced secretory activity, in contrast with frequent findings of lipid droplets and prosecretory granules, shows that the facilitation of the elaborative activity leads more to a restitution and increase of the pinealocyte potential than to a stimulation of their current secretion. Characteristic of this period was a frequent finding of newly generated lipid droplets. Their presence within the fields of GER tubules, as well as the communication of the lumens of these tubules with the matrix of the arising lipid droplet suggest a close connection of lipid droplets with the pinealocyte peptidergic activity Unexpected was the finding of a conglomerate of fasciculated lamellae--structures of a so far unknown function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Morphodynamic response of the pineal gland to an initial stress attack--the effect of morphine]. 213 14

Krabbe's disease is characterized by normal neonatal development with subsequent regression and profound, medically intractable irritability. Two female infants presented at 5 months of age with increasing irritability, abnormal motor control, and developmental regression. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of Krabbe's disease. Maximal treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and nitrazepam 0.1 mg/kg by mouth three times daily were unsuccessful in controlling irritability. Morphine was initiated and titrated to 0.06 mg/kg by mouth every 6 hours in Patient 1 and 0.1 mg/kg by mouth every 8 hours in Patient 2, resulting in remarkably successful control of irritability. The diagnosis of Krabbe's disease is devastating for families and is compounded by the marked irritability. Management is difficult, but in these two infants, irritability was successfully controlled with low-dose morphine.
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PMID:Irritability in Krabbe's disease: dramatic response to low-dose morphine. 1170 8

Morphine and other opioids increase tone and reduce propulsive motility in several segments of the gut, enhance absorption of fluids, and inhibit secretion. This opioid-induced bowel dysfunction may present as infrequent stools, hard stools, difficult defecation, bloating, and sense of incomplete emptying of the bowels, but also dry mouth, gastroesophageal reflux, epigastric fullness, and abdominal cramping. It afflicts about one-third of patients on opioid treatment. Lifestyle measures, such as regular toilet visits, physical activity, and fiber-rich diet, are very unlikely to be successful. Laxatives, such as bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, sennosides, macrogols, and prucalopride, may relieve opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in a proportion of patients only. A new approach to counteract OIC is the coadministration of an opioid antagonist devoid of the potential to penetrate the brain. In the EU, an oxycodonenaloxone combination has been approved for this purpose. Both components are included in an oral extended-release preparation. Following its release, naloxone acts locally on the gut and antagonizes the inhibitory effect of the opioid. After being absorbed in parallel with oxycodone, naloxone is rapidly and completely inactivated by a high first-pass effect in the liver. In a 2:1 dose ratio it may improve OIC without interfering with the analgesic effect.
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PMID:Fixed combination of oxycodone with naloxone: a new way to prevent and treat opioid-induced constipation. 2071 46