Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The differentiation of DMBA-induced rhabdomyoblastomas was studied during the early stages of tumour growth. Two cell populations were found to constitute the tumour tissue: small cells (SC) and long spindle-shaped cells (LSSC). The SC were the only tumor cells at the earliest detectable stage of tumour growth 10 weeks after intramuscular injection of DMBA. They had small heterochromatic nuclei with a compact nucleolus containing only fibrillar components. The cytoplasm was very rich in SER of tubular type, dense bodies and Golgi apparatus. Centrioles at all stages of the replicative cycle were very frequently observed. The cells did not fuse and showed no tendency to differentiate. The LSSC had large euchromatic nuclei with multiple irregular nucleoli containing both fibrillar and granular components. The cytoplasm had an abundant GER and well-developed Golgi apparatus. These cells formed 100 Angstrom thick cytofilaments the increase of which paralleled reduction of GER. The cells tended to fuse but did not form myofibrils. A rare variant of these cells neither possessed Golgi apparatus nor formed cytofilaments but accumulated dense protein substance in the cisternae of the GER. Myotubes with cross-striated myofibrils were but occasionally observed. The ultrastructural characteristics of both cell types revealed essential differences in the biosynthetic activity and the degree of differentiation. The SC were considered to belong to the myogenic cell line and to be most probably the malignant counterpart of proliferating satellite cells (presumptive myoblasts) and precursors of the LSSC. Morphologically and developmentally the LSSC bore close resemblance to normal myoblasts but the proliferative capacity of some of them seemed to be lost. The differentiation of the malignant myoblasts in the DMBA-induced rhabdomyoblastomas was similar to the early differentiation of the normal muscle tissue.
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PMID:Differentiation of malignant myoblasts in 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)-anthracene-induced rhabdomyoblastomas. An electron microscopic study. 10 12

Wistar male rats weighing 230-250 g were given 10 mg aminopyrine and 10 mg sodium nitrite daily, by gavage, for 20 days. The histological changes in the liver are of the cirrhotic type. The ultrastructural changes are dependent on the hepatocyte position in the hepatic structural changes are dependent on the hepatocyte position in the hepatic lobule. Thus, in the perilobular area one finds hepatocytes with an increased volume and hypertrophic nuclei and nucleoli, mitochondriae swollen with dispersed cristae, decrease of the number of free ribosomes, glycogen depletion, GER decrease and SER development. In the centrolobular area, the most injured, there are necrotic changes with numerous cytolysosomal formations. The histoenzymological results show a decrease of LDH, SDH, CyOx, GtDH, StDH, ATP-ase and G6P activities. The activity of Ac.P on the contrary, is greater in the intoxicated rats, which correlates with the above-mentioned necrobiosis processes.
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PMID:Histoenzymological and ultrastructural changes in rats following the administration of aminopyrine and nitrite (nitrosoaminopyrine). 626 34

The ultrastructure of plexus muscularis profundus (PMP) of the mouse small intestine was investigated subsequent to vascular perfusion with ruthenium red-containing and routine aldehyde fixatives. Four types of nerve terminals were revealed. Type I: numerous 500-A agranular vesicles and few 1,000-A granular vesicles. Type II: predominantly large (1,000-1,500 A), granular vesicles and fewer 500-A agranular vesicles. Type III: an abundance of mitochondria and many flattened vesicles (300 A X 700-1,300 A). Type IV was identified by abundant smooth cisternae 200 A in width. Types I-III formed close (200 A), synapse-like contacts to interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-III). Presynaptic densities were frequent in type I endings. A direct innervation of muscle cells via PMP was only very occasionally suggested. ICC-III possessed a basal lamina and numerous caveolae associated with subsurface SER-cisternae. Mitochondria were very abundant in ICC-III-processes. ICC-III formed multiple, large gap junctions with outer circular-muscle cells and with other ICC-III. Also reflexive gap junctions were observed. Fibroblastlike cells (FLC) were distinguished by their prominent GER, the frequent presence of lipid droplets, and the lack of caveolae and a basal lamina. FLC never participated in synaptic arrangements or gap junctions. Macrophage-like cells were occasionally encountered. It is concluded that possible efferent and afferent nerve terminals in PMP may chiefly, if not exclusively, innervate ICC-III, the ultrastructure of which is compatible with efferent and/or afferent modulatory actions.
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PMID:Plexus muscularis profundus and associated interstitial cells. II. Ultrastructural studies of mouse small intestine. 710 20

We studied the possible involvement of mucosal amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Eighteen children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (8 with reflux esophagitis and 10 without) and 10 children with normal 24-h esophageal pH monitoring as a comparative group underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies. Plasma and esophageal mucosa amino acids were assayed by liquid chromatography. In children affected by gastroesophageal reflux disease we found an increase of mucosal taurine (P < 0.01) and a decrease of serine (P < 0.01). No differences were noted between patients with and without esophagitis. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.001; r = 0.626) were found between mucosal taurine content and reflux index. Plasma amino acid concentrations did not show any significant differences among groups. Our results indicate that biochemical alterations precede the histological findings of inflammation, likely reflecting the adaptive response of the esophageal mucosa to the gastric contents exposure.
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PMID:Increased taurine content in esophageal mucosa of children affected by gastroesophageal reflux. 1133 Apr 17

Clinical experience with the treatment of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, a rare inherited disorder of serine synthesis, is scarce. We report on two sisters with phenotypic heterogeneity and a favourable response to combined serine and glycine supplementation. The elder sibling was found to be normocephalic at birth and showed moderate delay of white matter myelinisation, while her seizures arrested spontaneously even without treatment. In the younger sister with the classical phenotype, feeding difficulties with recurrent gastro-oesophageal reflux prompted us to treat her temporarily with high-dose serine (1400 mg/kg/day). An arrest of head growth then occurred but could be reversed by reducing the serine supply. In both children serine therapy was associated with decreased concentrations of methionine, isoleucine, and ornithine in the cerebrospinal fluid, attributed to competitive inhibition of neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier. In contrast to reports in the literature, these findings demonstrate that congenital microcephaly, intractable seizures, and dysmyelinisation are not invariably present in patients with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency. An adverse effect of high-dose serine therapy on head growth and on the transport of neutral amino acids across the blood-brain barrier should be considered and requires adjustment of treatment.
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PMID:Phenotypic heterogeneity and adverse effects of serine treatment in 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency: report on two siblings. 1157 99