Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of esophageal tumors, and of adenocarcinoma in particular, has risen markedly in recent years in the developed countries. The use of a variety of histopathological and biological markers is now offering promising prospects for the future. Vertical tumor invasion, intratumoral microvessel density, antimucin monoclonal antibodies, flow cytometry, telomerase activity, and overexpression of cyclin D1 have been correlated with the staging and prognosis of esophageal carcinomas. By combining these markers with Lugol staining, a practical new method of staging esophageal tumors may become available in the coming years. As is well known, Barrett's mucosa is a preneoplastic condition. Discussions in the literature concerning short forms of Barrett's esophagus and their relationship to inflammation of the gastric cardia appear to describe two different scenarios--a gastroesophageal reflux condition for short forms of Barrett's esophagus, and an inflammatory phenomenon (perhaps unrelated to Helicobacter pylori infection) for inflammation of the gastric cardia. Cost-benefit studies of follow-up procedures in Barrett's esophagus have yet to be conducted, and considerable efforts--mainly using biological markers--are being made to identify those patients who are at greatest risk. Although the frequency of gastric tumors has declined in recent years, many as yet unclear aspects of these tumors have been studied. Technological progress has not led to substantial changes in the diagnostic procedures used, although autofluorescence methods and three-dimensional reconstruction have been analyzed. Laparoscopy, preferably combined with the use of ultrasound probes, may be a valuable tool for staging. The suggestion that endoscopy should be avoided in young patients (the "treat but do not scope" approach) has been seriously questioned, as it may lead to early cancer being overlooked. There is thought to be an intermediate stage of gastric cancer (between the early and advanced stages) in which the muscularis propria, but not the serosa, is invaded. Endoscopic ultrasonography is becoming increasingly established as a basic tool for the staging of gastric cancer. Gastric MALT lymphoma can be cured by H. pylori eradication therapy in many cases, but there is still uncertainty regarding the limitations of this approach.
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PMID:Diagnosis of esophagogastric tumors. 1120 80

The authors describe the results of examination and endoscopic treatment of 278 patients with clinical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The method of fibroesophagoduodenoscopy with 3% Lugol aqueous solution chromoscopy was introduced in medical-diagnostic algorithm of the patients. Inclusion of chromoendoscopy in the program of examination and treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease allowed higher detection of severe epithelial dysplasia (to 10.3%), leukoplakia (to 62.1%) and esophagus cancer (to 3.5%) and improvement of the results of endoscopic treatment.
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PMID:[Endoscopic chromoscopy in diagnosing and treatment of complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease]. 1894 32