Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fiberoptic laryngoscopic examinations were performed on 40 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, 25 of whom had persistent laryngeal symptoms (dysphonia, cough, globus sensation, frequent throat clearing, or sore throat) and 15 without laryngeal symptoms who served as disease controls. Ten patients with laryngeal symptoms but none of the controls had laryngoscopic findings consistent with reflux laryngitis. Dual-site ambulatory pH recordings were obtained with the pH electrodes spaced 15 cm apart and with the proximal sensor positioned just distal to the upper esophageal sphincter. Patients in the three groups (disease controls: group 1; patients with symptoms but without laryngoscopic findings: group 2; and patients with both laryngeal symptoms and findings: group 3) were comparable in terms of age, smoking habit, the presence of esophagitis, and distal esophageal acid exposure. Proximal esophageal acid exposure was, however, significantly increased in groups 2 and 3, and nocturnal proximal esophageal acidification occurred in over half of these patients but in none of the group 1 patients. We conclude that the subset of reflux patients who experience laryngeal symptoms show significantly more proximal esophageal acid exposure (especially nocturnally) and often have laryngoscopic findings of posterior laryngitis not observed in control reflux patients.
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PMID:Proximal esophageal pH-metry in patients with 'reflux laryngitis'. 198 28

Phonomicrosurgical treatment of premalignant vocal fold epithelium and microinvasive cancer combines principles of surgical oncology with advanced laryngoscopic microsurgical-techniques. This treatment is guided by mucosal-wave theory of voice production and strives not only to cure the disease but also to achieve optimal vocal function. Surgical techniques developed during the past two centuries have improved methods for vocal fold visualization, tissue retrieval, and tissue evaluation. Examination of the evolution of these surgical techniques reveals the incomplete convergence of laryngoscopic surgical theory with both the concept of premalignancy and the anatomical-physiological principles of voice production. This historical review, which helps to explain the lack of consensus about current treatment options, led to a series of four investigations. They were conducted with the aim of developing a laryngoscopic (phonomicrosurgical) management approach for improving the treatment of premalignant and microinvasive vocal fold epithelium. In the first of four investigations, 42 patients (each of whom had a significant smoking history) underwent microlaryngoscopic biopsy of 52 vocal fold lesions. These lesions, which were suspicious for atypia or malignancy and were confined to the musculomembranous vocal fold, were mapped according to surface involvement and depth of penetration. Review of the maps revealed that 27 of the 52 lesions involved only the superior/ventricular surface. For these patients, the entire layered vocal fold structure could potentially be preserved on the medial/vocalizing surface. Twenty-five of the 52 lesions involved both the superior/ventricular surface and the medial/vocalizing surface. No lesion involved only the medial surface. These data suggest that (in smokers) geographic localization of keratotic and erythroplastic lesions on the superior/ventricular surface of the musculomembranous vocal fold are likely to contain atypia. This characteristic facilitates the appropriate selection of patients for biopsy and may spare individuals, who have lesions resulting from hyperfunctional dysphonia and/or gastroesophageal reflux, from unnecessary biopsy. These two disorders typically result in pathology on the medial and/or posterior glottal surfaces. In order to determine whether a directed biopsy or an excisional biopsy approach is preferable for obtaining an accurate diagnosis, all specimens underwent whole-mount sectioning for three-dimensional histopathological analysis. Keratosis was noted: without atypia in 14; with atypia in 27; and with carcinoma in 11. The severity of the atypia usually varied throughout each specimen. The surface appearance of the lesion was not a reliable prognosticator of the severity of dysplasia either between patients or in different areas of the same lesion; therefore, excisional biopsy and whole-mount, multiple-section histopathological analysis were necessary for obtaining an accurate diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Premalignant epithelium and microinvasive cancer of the vocal fold: the evolution of phonomicrosurgical management. 788 66

We present three cases of dysphonia in which gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) appeared to be a precipitating factor. In all cases reflux was clinically occult. We discuss the theory and implications of GOR presenting atypically with laryngeal symptoms, and outline our current approach to laryngeal symptoms of clinically evident or occult GOR.
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PMID:Dysphonia as an atypical presentation of gastro-oesophageal reflux. 855 Nov 56

Posterior laryngeal granuloma is an infrequent pathology of multidisciplinary interest. Actually, its real prevalence is difficult to quantify because in some cases it is asymptomatic and in other instances it may either be reabsorbed or eliminated spontaneously. It is located at the vocal apophysis of the arytenoid or, less frequently, above it or on the laryngeal side of the arytenoid. The many etiologic factors (laryngeal intubation, gastro-esophageal refluxes, blunt trauma of the larynx, vocal dysfunction), sometimes concomitant and with the possible addition of enhancing circumstances (upper aerodigestive tract inflammation, naso-gastric tube, smoking and alcohol abuse), converge to a single pathogenetic mechanism: an ulceration of the mucosa and the pericondrium, sometimes complicated by an infection, which does not heal but instead produces a typical granulation tissue with capillaries oriented radially from the center of the lesion. Post intubation granulomas, extremely rare in children, are more frequent in females. It appears that there is no correlation with duration of intubation in that granulomas, can also occur after short general anesthesia. Idiopathic or contact granulomas are more frequent in the males. They are the result of vocal laryngeal hyperfunction, habitual throat clearing or cough-like throat clearing. Gastro-esophageal reflux of gastric juice, coughing or throat clearing may injure the mucosa. A blunt trauma of the larynx may cause a granuloma if the cartilage of the vocal process is exposed. Symptoms, when present, are dysphonia, tiredness during or after voicing, bolus, laryngeal unilateral pain, sensation of something in the throat which is mobile during breathing and swallowing, traces of blood in the expectoration. Therapeutic options are surgical, medical or logopedic. Surgery, although followed by frequent recurrences, is mandatory when the granuloma causes dispnea or if a pathologic essay is needed. Medical treatment aims at solving gastroesophageal reflux and/or inflammations of the district. Logopedic rehabilitation is the most successful therapy. Since January 1992 the Authors have been adopting the rehabilitation protocol planned by the French phoniatrician Brigitte Arnoux-Sindt for post-intubation granulomas, which, moreover, is utilyzed for all type of granulomas, including those arising during the early postoperative period after cordectomy. This protocol is analytically presented and discussed. In the cases of contact granulomas, and when there is concomitant vocal dysfunction, logopedic treatment is prolonged after granuloma dissapearance with some sessions aiming at restoring correct vocal behaviour. In all the ten patients rehabilitated up to now, granulomas disappeared after a mean of 16.3 sessions held twice a week. After several months of follow-up we had no recurrences. This clinical experience, while limited in number, seems to confirm the good results already reported in French Literature.
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PMID:[Logopedic rehabilitation of laryngeal granulomas]. 872 28

The diagnosis of the patient with a muscle misuse voice disorder can be a complex process. The dysphonia is usually caused by problems stemming from a number of interacting factors that may include habitual vocal technique and postural use, vocal behavior, emotion, manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux, neuromuscular abnormalities, and associated organic mucosal disease. Sorting out the relative importance of the various factors is the first step towards planning an effective treatment program. This article addresses the difficulties caused by trying to classify dysphonia too rigidly, and presents a strategy for collecting the necessary information in a manner that facilitates the development of effective tools for clinical decision making. For each dysphonic patient, a pattern of causation will emerge in a way that helps the clinician to disentangle the interrelated factors.
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PMID:Pattern recognition in muscle misuse voice disorders: how I do it. 907 84

Dysphagia is related to the impairment of food passage from the mouth to the stomach. Globus pharyngis implies the frequent and often painful sensation of a lump in the throat that usually does not interfere with swallowing and may even be relieved by food intake. The diagnosis is based upon a careful history, clinical examination, endoscopy, dynamic imaging (videofluoroscopy, cinematography, videosonography) and electrophysiologic procedures (including pharyngoesophageal manometry, electromyography and pH determinations). Structural lesions of the cervical spine such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis are rare causes of dysphagia. Dysphagia following anterior cervical fusion as well as globus and dysphonia due to dysfunction of the vertebral joints are more likely. Symptoms with swallowing fluids indicate a neurogenic origin. Dyscoordinated swallowing, nasal reflux, dysphonia or general weakness may also occur. Chronic aspiration with respiratory compromize is the main consequence in a variety of neurological disorders as well as in cases of postsurgical dysphagia. Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter indicates coordinated muscle movement between the pharynx and esophagus. Dysfunction of the pharyngoesophageal segment may lead to cricopharyngeal achalasia. A dyskinetic sphincter commonly represents an extrapharyngeal cause: i.e., disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Disorders of the esophageal phase of deglutition can produce retrosternal pain, heartburn, regurgitation and vomiting, as well as laryngeal and respiratory signs. Esophageal motility disorders include lower achalasia, tumors, peptic strictures, inflammatory diseases, drug-induced ulcers, rings and webs. Motility disorders present with aperistaltic, spontaneous contractions, diffuse esophagospasm, or a hypermotile esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux with esophagitis must always be excluded, especially in patients with a globus sensation. The multiple features of the appearance of the symptoms of dysphagia and globus makes multidisciplinary approach necessary in order to establish a diagnosis and begin effective treatment.
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PMID:[Deglutition disorders]. 977 28

Muscular tension dysphonia, episodic laryngospasm, globus, and cough may be considered to be hyperfunctional laryngeal symptoms. Suggested etiological factors for these symptoms include gastroesophageal reflux, psychological problems, and/or dystonia. We propose a unifying hypothesis that involves neural plastic change to brainstem laryngeal control networks through which each of the above etiologies, plus central nervous system viral illness, can play a role. We suggest that controlling neurons are held in a "spasm-ready" state and that symptoms may be triggered by various stimuli. Inclusion criteria for the irritable larynx syndrome are episodic laryngospasm and/or dysphonia with or without globus or chronic cough; visible or palpable evidence of tension or tenderness in laryngeal muscles; and a definite symptom-triggering stimulus. thirty-nine patients with irritable larynx syndrome were studied. Gastroesophageal reflux was felt or proven to play a major role in a large number of the group (>90%), and about one third were deemed to have psychological causative factors. Viral illness seemed quite prevalent, with one third of patients able to relate the onset of symptoms to a viral illness that we feel might lead to central nervous system changes. Our proposed hypothesis includes a mechanism whereby acquired plastic change to central brainstem nuclei may lead to this form of hyperkinetic laryngeal dysfunction. It gives structure and reason to an array of therapy measures and suggests direction for basic research.
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PMID:The irritable larynx syndrome. 1049 60

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disease. Besides the typical presentation of heartburn and acid regurgitation, either alone or in combination, GERD can cause atypical symptoms. An estimated 20 to 60 percent of patients with GERD have head and neck symptoms without any appreciable heartburn. While the most common head and neck symptom is a globus sensation (a lump in the throat), the head and neck manifestations can be diverse and may be misleading in the initial work-up. Thus, a high index of suspicion is required. Laryngoscopy can confirm the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Erythema of the posterior larynx may be seen, and the true vocal cords may be edematous. Treatment should be initiated with a histamine H2 receptor blocker or proton pump inhibitor. Lifestyle changes are also beneficial. Untreated, GERD can lead to chronic laryngitis, dysphonia, chronic sore throat, chronic cough, constant throat clearing, granuloma of the true vocal cords and other problems.
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PMID:Head and neck manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1075 Aug 74

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is associated with a variety of laryngopharyngeal signs and symptoms. Injury of the laryngopharynx as a result of GER can be refractory to conventional antireflux therapy. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal signs and symptoms in patients with documented GER and to assess the response to a high-dose combination antireflux therapy consisting of cisapride and pantoprazole. Twenty-two patients with symptoms of GER were enrolled. After baseline evaluation using a history questionnaire for symptoms, laryngeal endoscopy and vocal acoustic analysis, patients were started on treatment consisting of pantoprazole 40 mg b.d. and cisapride 20 mg twice daily. Repeat history and otolaryngologic evaluation was performed at 4 weeks. Laryngopharyngeal symptoms were frequent in most patients, with throat clearing and globus being the most prevalent symptoms followed by vocal fatigue and excess mucus production. Almost 90% of the patients had abnormal endoscopic laryngeal findings but the acoustic parameters did not show any abnormal results except for mild elevation in the shimmer. After treatment, all symptoms and endoscopic abnormalities improved significantly except for intermittent dysphonia and laryngeal mucosal redness. Acoustic abnormalities did not change significantly following therapy. Laryngeal symptoms and voice abnormalities are highly prevalent in patients with GER. Combination antireflux therapy with a proton pump inhibitor and a prokinetic agent results in rapid symptomatic and endoscopic response in the majority of patients.
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PMID:Effect of aggressive therapy on laryngeal symptoms and voice characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. 1171 54

This work deals with the association between dysfunctional dysphonia and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Joint medical and speech therapy management, adapted daily, would seem to be necessary. The authors report the results of a clinical assessment by questionnaire in six patients.
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PMID:[The place of speech therapy in the dysfunctional dysphonias with gastro-esophageal reflux]. 1209 3


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