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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastroesophageal reflux is frequently viewed as a "nuisance" problem that affects a large number of individuals with variable frequency. When physicians conceptualize the complications of gastrointestinal reflux, they generally consider them a localized esophageal problem resulting in irritation of the esophagus, bleeding esophagitis, occasional stricture formation, and the development of Barrett's esophagus. However, attention has again been focused on the potential relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary diseases (cough, asthma, recurrent pneumonia), chest pain, and hypopharyngeal or oral disease. This paper reviews our current understanding of the extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux.
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PMID:Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 272 48

The incidence and character of gastrointestinal reflux after truncal vagotomy and gastric resection or drainage were studied prospectively in 42 symptomatic patients. Gastroesophageal reflux, proven by 24-hour pH monitoring, occurred in 31 patients. Initial symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation, or dysphagia were similar in patients with and without reflux. Eighteen patients had pure acid, nine had acid-alkaline, and four had pure alkaline reflux. Reflux occurred predominantly in the supine position. Esophagitis occurred only in patients with reflux and was not dependent on the pH of refluxed material. Reflux was eventually controlled by antireflux repair in 19 and by colon interposition in three patients. Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring is beneficial in evaluating symptoms after gastric surgery. It quantifies both acid and alkaline reflux, provides an objective assessment of the patient's subjective complaints, and gives a rational basis for management.
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PMID:Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring of esophageal function. Its use in evaluation in symptomatic patients after truncal vagotomy and gastric resection or drainage. 723 49

Gastrointestinal reflux disease in otherwise healthy adolescents is relatively uncommon. The frequency increases with other chronic medical conditions, such as cerebral palsy, asthma, and cystic fibrosis-and GERD should be included in the differential diagnosis of a wide range of airway and GI complaints. In this article, the authors review the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of GERD as it relates to the adolescent.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal Reflux in Adolescents. 1035 20

A reduction method based on stannous chloride is described to prepare hydroxy ethyl starch kits for gastrointestinal reflux and gastric motility studies. Following verification of the consistency of radiolabelling, in vitro experiments were carried out to validate 99mTc hydroxy ethyl starch as a liquid phase and solid phase gastric motility imaging radiotracer. Gastroesophageal reflux, liquid phase and solid phase studies were then conducted in 13 adult volunteers to examine the in vivo stability of the radiotracer. High labelling efficiency (>95% when prepared at neutral pH) was consistently achieved, which remained stable in conditions simulating gastric environment. Twelve of the 13 volunteers did not show absorption of any radioactivity from the gastro-intestinal tract. 99mTc hydroxy ethyl starch is a new agent suitable for gastroesophageal reflux and gastric motility studies. It is available in kit form and is a more 'physiological' agent than 99mTc sulphur colloid for preparing a solid radioactive meal. 99mTc hydroxy ethyl starch represents a true carbohydrate meal, and unlike 99mTc sulphur colloid, is easy to prepare and can easily be standardized to produce a standard vegetarian meal.
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PMID:Development and validation of hydroxy ethyl starch kits for instant use in gastroesophageal reflux and gastric motility studies. 1193 Jan 91

The case of a 56-year-old man with recurrent retrosternal heartburn no longer relieved by antacids is discussed. Arguments for and against conducting endoscopy in this patient are presented. Initial therapy with a standard dose proton pump inhibitor, without endoscopy is the suggested treatment strategy. The main purpose of conducting an endoscopy in a patient with chronic gastrointestinal reflux is to detect the presence of Barrett's esophagus. However, data indicate that the presence of Barrett's esophagus is unrelated to symptoms and that it is not significantly associated with heartburn. Additionally, there is no certainty that survival is improved by the detection of Barrett's esophagus. Nonetheless, many clinical practice guidelines support conducting endoscopy in patients with GERD.
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PMID:Debate: endoscopy is unnecessary in the management of uncomplicated GERD. 1698 67

The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal reflux disease is multifactoral. Integral to the disease process is the refluxate itself. The characteristics and composition of the refluxate are dependent on several physiological variables. The refluxate may contain varying concentrations of acid, pepsin, gas, or contents of duodenal reflux (such as bile acid and pancreatic enzymes). Characteristics such as volume and proximal extent of the refluxate, and the chemical content of this refluxate can strongly influence the risk of symptom perception. Strong acid (pH<4) and duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux are also implicated in the development of mucosal damage in the form of oesophagitis, Barrett's metaplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The manifestation of disease, however, is not entirely reliant on the refluxate, which must be considered in the context of the genetic, environmental and psychological susceptibility of the individual.
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PMID:The refluxate: The impact of its magnitude, composition and distribution. 2112 99

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem in neonatology. Various physiological protective reflex responses provide a plausible biological link between gastro-esophageal reflux and apnea and bradycardia in premature. It is uncertain whether or not there is a causal relationship between the two diseases. However there is no consensus about the clinical and paraclinical diagnosis. Further explorations and treatment offered to premature infants with symptoms are discussed. We report the case of a preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care and with apnea and bradycardia. Clinical examination and exploration results were normal. We retained the gastrointestinal reflux diagnosis complicated of apnea and bradycardia. Pharmacological therapy for gastro-esophageal reflux disease has not definitively been shown to be effective in improving symptoms and should be reserved especially for infants with treatment refractory apnea and bradycardia episodes suspected as being gastro-esophageal reflux in premature infants. From a case report we made a literature review to discuss at length the different aspects of the problem.
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PMID:[Gastroesophageal reflux in premature: a case report]. 2829 59