Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microscopic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with early submucosal spread was diagnosed in two patients with hiatal hernia and evidence of esophageal reflux. The lesions were not suggestive of malignancy on endoscopic examination. Both patients are known to be alive more than one year after resection and presumably without recurrence. More liberal use of endoscopic brush cytology and biopsy or intubation cytology particularly in the cases at high risk, might substantially improve the chances of very early diagnosis and favorably alter the present grim mortality rate.
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PMID:The diagnosis of microscopic carcinoma of the esophagus. 62 79

Although squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus occurs with increased incidence in primary achalasia, esophageal adenocarcinoma has been considered rare in this condition. We report a patient with long-standing achalasia in whom adenocarcinoma of the esophagus occurred many years after Heller esophagomyotomy, presumably related to Barrett's esophagus complicating gastro-esophageal reflux disease.
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PMID:Esophageal adenocarcinoma in a patient with surgically treated achalasia. 225 39

Review of 34 cases of pathologically proved Barrett-type adenocarcinoma of the esophagus seen at the University of Michigan during 1962-1983 revealed that it constituted 5% of all carcinomas of the esophagus and 20% of all adenocarcinomas involving the esophagus during that period. Despite many similarities to conventional squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac carcinoma, certain distinguishing features were identified. Radiologically, diagnosis of Barrett carcinoma should be suggested when a patient with a longstanding history of gastroesophageal reflux, chronic esophagitis, and hiatus hernia with or without features of Barrett esophagus demonstrates a long vertical segment of esophageal involvement by an infiltrating or varicoid-appearing lesion. This review analyzes the clinical and radiologic distinguishing features of Barrett carcinoma and compares those of gastric cardiac carcinoma and conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Barrett carcinoma of the esophagus: clinical and radiographic analysis of 34 cases. 387 54

Twelve patients (10.4%) had a history of partial gastrectomy among the 115 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The clinical characteristics, nutritional parameters, and incidences of esophagitis of the resected specimens were investigated between 11 patients with esophageal carcinoma who had partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer diseases (Group A) and 103 patients with esophageal carcinoma without any previous history of gastrectomy (Group B). Age, sex, tumor location, clinical stages, and cigarette and alcohol consumption were not different between the two groups. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin level in Group A were lower than those in Group B (p < 0.05). Serum zinc level in Group A was lower than that in Group B, but this difference was not significant. There was no difference in the incidences of esophagitis between the two groups. In conclusion, there is an association between partial gastrectomy and later development of squamous esophageal carcinoma. The role of malnutritional factors and gastroesophageal reflux, however, remain unclear. The long-term follow-up of patients after partial gastrectomy is warranted.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after partial gastrectomy. 785 34

Lagergren et al. performed a population-based, case-control study to investigate the possible association between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. They demonstrated an odds ratio of 7.7 for esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with GER symptoms. The frequency, severity, and duration of symptoms correlated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. A weaker association was noted for GER and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. No association surfaced between GER and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Just a little heartburn? 1071 84

In a Swedish nationwide case-control study, gastroesophageal reflux and obesity were identified as strong and independent risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma. A moderately strong association was found with adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. No significant association was found with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. With increasing duration and severity of reflux symptoms and with increasing body mass index (BMI) the risk increased in a dose-dependent manner. When combined, reflux symptoms and obesity entailed greatly increased risk estimates, with relative risks exceeding 100 compared with persons with neither reflux symptoms nor obesity. However, because adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia are rarities, the absolute risk of developing these tumors was still not high. Our calculations revealed that even in the group with the highest risk, endoscopic surveillance is not readily recommended. Possible reasons for the increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus include 1) a suspected increase in the prevalence of reflux disease; 2) the increasing prevalence of obesity reported in western populations; and 3) the widespread use of medications that relax the lower esophageal sphincter and might cause reflux. All of these hypotheses suffer from inconsistencies that need to be solved before any firm conclusions can be drawn concerning the reasons for the increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. Reflux and obesity are strong and independent risk factors according to the SECC study]. 1082 53

A population-based, case-control study to investigate the possible association between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia was performed. It demonstrated an odds ratio of 7.7 for esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with GER symptoms. The frequency, severity, and duration of symptoms correlated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. A weaker association was noted for GER and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. No association surfaced between GER and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. 1125 59

The demographics of esophageal and gastric cancer have been changing dramatically in the United States over the past several decades. While incidence rates for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and distal gastric carcinoma have been declining, the trends for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and proximal stomach have been rising rapidly, particularly among white males. The incidence of these upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies varies widely based on geographic location, race, and socioeconomic status. The primary causes of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus are tobacco use and alcohol consumption, whereas the main risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus are gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity. Dietary factors and Helicobacter pylori infection play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Understanding the epidemiology and etiologies of esophageal and gastric carcinomas will lead to the development of interventions for screening and prevention in high-risk populations.
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PMID:Epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. 1529 38

The designated area of the columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) is anatomically defined by the distal limit of the lower esophageal palisade vessels (LEPV) and the term 'Barrett's esophagus' is equally used along with the name CLE in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the actual prevalence of CLE based on the Japanese criteria and to evaluate the criteria per se. A total of 42 esophagi consecutively resected at this institute were included. All subjects underwent a surgical resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The position of the LEPV, squamocolumnar junction, the prevalence of CLE and intestinal metaplasia were investigated both pre- and postoperatively. Preoperative endoscopy revealed CLE based on the Japanese criteria in half of all patients. In the resected specimens the distal limit of LEPV was lower than the squamocolumnar junction in 95.2%. In other words, almost all cases had CLE (equivalent to Barrett's mucosa in Japanese criteria). However, most of the CLE areas were very short and their average maximum length was only about 5 mm. In addition, no intestinal metaplasia was observed in any of the CLE cases. Almost all individuals might therefore be diagnosed to have CLE or Barrett's mucosa based on precise endoscopic observations in Japan. The CLE located in a small area, e.g. less than 5 mm, defined according to the LEPV criteria without any other factor concerning typical Barrett's esophagus such as signs of gastroesophageal reflux should therefore be excluded from consideration as a high-risk mucosa.
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PMID:Lower esophageal palisade vessels and the definition of Barrett's esophagus. 1845 93

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been rapidly increasing in Western countries during the past half century, especially in white men. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) used to be the dominant type of esophageal malignancy both in Western and Asian countries. The rapid increase of EAC in Western countries has occurred in parallel with an increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its major determinant, obesity. Such an increase in EAC has not yet been observed in Asia, despite a recent increase in prevalence of GERD. In this mini-review, we analyze possible factors influencing such east-west ('Orient to Occident') differences, particularly possible roles of ethnicity and environmental factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and nutritional factors, and how these might interact with socioeconomic differences. Development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma appears to be strongly affected by ethnic factors, with populations resident at the west end of the Eurasian continent, such as Anglo-Celtics, being more prone to both conditions. On the other hand, ethnic groups from the eastern and southern ends of Eurasia, such as Chinese, Koreans and Japanese, and Africans might be more prone to developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Future trends will also be discussed.
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PMID:Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: Orient to Occident. Effects of chronology, geography and ethnicity. 1964 15


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