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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common problem in the newborn and preschool periods. Recent research suggests that it may be related to eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between simulated gastroesophageal reflux and eustachian tube dysfunction. Rat middle ears were repeatedly exposed (transtympanically) to pepsin in hydrochloric acid or to phosphate-buffered saline solution. Their eustachian tube function was evaluated by assessing passive opening and passive closing pressures, and active clearance of positive and negative pressure. The passive pressure function tests showed variable results. The rats exposed to pepsin in hydrochloric acid had an impaired ability to clear positive and negative pressure from the middle ear as compared to the rats exposed only to phosphate-buffered saline solution. The results demonstrate that multiple middle ear exposures to pepsin in hydrochloric acid leads to eustachian tube dysfunction in rats.
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PMID:Transient inflammation and dysfunction of the eustachian tube secondary to multiple exposures of simulated gastroesophageal refluxant. 1164 25

Over a 2-year period (1997 to 1999), 5 consecutive adult patients with chronic refractory secretory otitis media (CSOM) and 16 with a chronic refractory feeling of pressure in the ear(s) (CRFP) thought to be related to concomitant eustachian tube dysfunction were prospectively studied for coexisting gastroesophageal reflux (GER). All patients underwent an extensive standardized otorhinolaryngological examination, ambulatory 24-hour dual-probe esophageal pH monitoring with a distal pH probe 5 cm and a proximal probe 20 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Most of them also underwent esophageal manometry. All patients with CSOM and 12 of the 16 patients with CRFP had evidence of GER. Only 5 patients experienced heartburn or regurgitation. All patients responded very well to antireflux therapy with omeprazole 20 mg twice per day (40 mg twice per day in 2 patients) accompanied by conservative antireflux measures, ie, complete cessation of their middle ear complaints. This study demonstrates the role of GER in the pathogenesis of refractory CSOM and CRFP and the effectiveness of sustained antireflux therapy.
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PMID:Prospective study on the incidence of chronic ear complaints related to gastroesophageal reflux and on the outcome of antireflux therapy. 1238 64

As more than 40% of adults experience symptoms of the gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and 26% are affected by the extraesophageal reflux (EER), the aim of this article was to review the literature concerning pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to these common diseases. Reflux symptoms are ascribable for nearly one-third of otolaryngeal disorders. In contrast to patients solely affected by GERD, patients with otolaryngeal disorders attributable to extraesophageal reflux have a relatively good esophageal acid clearance but for unknown reasons increased amounts of laryngeal reflux. Transient upper esophageal sphincter relaxations are discussed as the pathophysiological mechanism, as the resting tone of the upper esophageal sphincter is not affected. When exposed to gastroduodenal contents, the ciliated epithelium of otolaryngeal structures is more susceptible to damage, and thereby even a few reflux episodes are suggested to cause extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD). Particularly active pepsin contributes to laryngeal lesions and eustachian tube dysfunction. Despite the importance of EER in laryngeal diseases, the causative role in other otolaryngeal disorders like sinusitis and otitis media with effusion remains unresolved.
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PMID:Pathophysiological mechanisms of extraesophageal reflux in otolaryngeal disorders. 1870 79

Although eustachian tube dysfunction and bacterial infection have been shown to cause otitis media with effusion (OME), other etiologies are possible. One of the most common medical conditions in children is obesity, which can have effects throughout the body. Little is known, however, about the relationship between obesity and OME. Obesity may result in altered cytokine expression, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or fat accumulation, all of which may contribute to OME. Conversely, OME may induce taste changes through middle ear cavity inflammation, thus contributing to obesity. A similar pattern of taste change has been shown in patients with gustatory nerve anesthesia. Further research on the relationship between obesity and OME may help to determine the exact etiology of OME and contribute to our knowledge about the causes of obesity.
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PMID:Relationship between pediatric obesity and otitis media with effusion. 1981 20

Otitis media with effusion (OME), a kind of inflammatory disease of the middle ear, is characterized by the retention of middle ear effusions and hearing loss. There are many factors involved in the development of OME including bacterial infection, formation of bacterial biofilms, eustachian tube dysfunction, adenoid hypertrophy, immune system disorders. Recently, some studies showed that gastroesophageal reflux has correlation with OME.
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PMID:[Gastroesophageal reflux and otitis media with effusion]. 2667 55

Diagnosis of Hartsfield syndrome includes recognition of three distinct clinical anomalies: holoprosencephaly, ectrodactyly, and bilateral cleft-lip and palate syndrome. A family including three male siblings all affected by Hartsfield syndrome presented to our institution for care. An autosomal dominant variant in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) was identified. This report focuses on otorhinolaryngologic manifestationsof Hartsfield syndrome, previously undescribed, including midline defects of holoprosencephaly, bilateral cleft-lip and palate, retrognathia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, external ear anomalies, eustachian tube dysfunction, and midface abnormalities, in addition to multidisciplinary, long-term management strategies. Multidisciplinary management is imperative in the care of these children with modification of approach based on their medical complexity.
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PMID:Otorhinolaryngologic manifestations of Hartsfield syndrome: Case series and review of literature. 2858 1