Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over a 2.5-year period, 82 consecutive children complaining of recurrent abdominal pain underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastroscopy confirmed pathology in 48 of the children (58.5%). Four of the children, who also had undergone gastroscopy, had other diagnoses (lactose malabsorption, hydronephrosis, yersiniosis), and 30 of the children (36.6%) retained the initial diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain syndrome. Gastritis was found in 48 of the children, 18 of whom (37.5%) had positive test results for Helicobacter pylori, based on histology and/or culture. Of 16 H. pylori-positive children tested, 12 (75%) also had an elevated concentration of IgG-class antibodies to H. pylori in their sera. Three of the children had duodenal ulcer disease, all of whom were H. pylori positive. Esophagitis was found in eight of the children with gastritis, all of whom were found to have gastroesophageal reflux. Our data suggest that among the children with recurrent abdominal pain syndrome, organic pathology is more common than was previously thought. Altogether 22% of the children with recurrent abdominal pain syndrome were infected with H. pylori.
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PMID:Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in recurrent abdominal pain of childhood. 849 55

Fleas can transmit Yersinia pestis by two mechanisms, early-phase transmission (EPT) and biofilm-dependent transmission (BDT). Transmission efficiency varies among flea species and the results from different studies have not always been consistent. One complicating variable is the species of rodent blood used for the infectious blood meal. To gain insight into the mechanism of EPT and the effect that host blood has on it, fleas were fed bacteremic mouse, rat, guinea pig, or gerbil blood; and the location and characteristics of the infection in the digestive tract and transmissibility of Y. pestis were assessed 1 to 3 days after infection. Surprisingly, 10-28% of two rodent flea species fed bacteremic rat or guinea pig blood refluxed a portion of the infected blood meal into the esophagus within 24 h of feeding. We term this phenomenon post-infection esophageal reflux (PIER). In contrast, PIER was rarely observed in rodent fleas fed bacteremic mouse or gerbil blood. PIER correlated with the accumulation of a dense mixed aggregate of Y. pestis, red blood cell stroma, and oxyhemoglobin crystals that filled the proventriculus. At their next feeding, fleas with PIER were 3-25 times more likely to appear partially blocked, with fresh blood retained within the esophagus, than were fleas without PIER. Three days after feeding on bacteremic rat blood, groups of Oropsylla montana transmitted significantly more CFU than did groups infected using mouse blood, and this enhanced transmission was biofilm-dependent. Our data support a model in which EPT results from regurgitation of Y. pestis from a partially obstructed flea foregut and that EPT and BDT can sometimes temporally overlap. The relative insolubility of the hemoglobin of rats and Sciurids and the slower digestion of their blood appears to promote regurgitative transmission, which may be one reason why these rodents are particularly prominent in plague ecology.
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PMID:Infectious blood source alters early foregut infection and regurgitative transmission of Yersinia pestis by rodent fleas. 2935 85