Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Accurate differentiation of such disorders as intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis and the two types of megacolon must precede attempts at treatment. Gastroesophageal reflux, viral hepatitis, and Reye's syndrome are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:GI problems in children: II. 101 34

This article outlines the clinical management of common gastrointestinal disorders encountered in the primary care setting. The general assessment of a woman presenting with a gastrointestinal concern is reviewed. Diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and anorectal disorders are covered with emphasis on client education. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease is discussed with the latest treatment recommendations for Helicobacter pylori infection outlined. Diagnosis of gallbladder disease and gallstones with alternative treatment options is reviewed. Finally, the diagnosis and management of viral hepatitis is outlined. A case study is given to illustrate the basic principles needed by the nurse-midwife in the assessment, diagnosis, and management of a woman with a gastrointestinal concern.
 ...
PMID:Primary care for women. Management and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 869 Dec 76

Complications of oral contraceptives (OCs) affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas are rare but potentially serious. Hepatobiliary complications are by far the most frequent and varied. Hepatic lesions will probably decline in frequency as low-dose OCs replace higher dosed pills. Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by OCs resembles that of pregnancy. There may be a genetic predisposition to both conditions involving a dose-dependent estrogen effect of decreasing bile secretion. Intrahepatic cholestasis appears within 6 cycles of OC use. Symptoms include pruritus with anorexia, asthenia, vomiting, and weight loss without fever, rash or abdominal pain. Termination of OCs clears the condition without sequelae within 1-3 months, sometimes after a temporary aggravation. A moderate and asymptomatic cytolysis may appear when OC treatment is begun. Sinusoidal dilatation has been conclusively linked to OCs although few cases have been published. Clinical manifestations other than hepatomegaly are variable. Abdominal pain and fever are the most common. The condition is not related to duration of use and disappears 5-15 days after OC use is terminated. The relative risk of Budd-Chiari syndrome in OC users is estimated at 2.37. OCs increase the prevalence of hepatic adenomas as a function of duration of treatment. They are usually discovered fortuitously but may be revealed by vague abdominal pains. Hemorrhagic complications are more likely in OC users. It may be difficult to distinguish between adenomas, hepatocellular carcinoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia. A puncture biopsy guided by sonography may aid diagnosis. The natural history of adenomas is poorly understood and treatment remains controversial. OCs do not appear to increase the risk of focal nodular hyperplasia but they increase the size of the tumor and the risk of hemorrhage. OCs should be terminated because of risk of hemorrhage. Surgical resection is not indicated unless there are complication or diagnostic doubts. While hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare, its risk is increased by a factor of 7-20 in women using OCs for 8 years or more. Use of combined OCs appears to speed development of lithiasis in predisposed women. Risk of lithiasis is linked to estrogen content in women under 30. Several cases of acute pancreatitis in the 1st 3 months of treatment have been reported in women with preexisting lipid metabolic anomalies. Cases of ischemic lesions of the small intestine or colon have been reported in OC users with A positive blood type. Such lesions can be fatal without early diagnosis and termination of OCs. Gastric esophageal reflux is increased by progestins. Preexisting constipation may be aggravated and the incidence of Crohn's disease increased by OCs. It is advisable to rule out preexisting hepatic pathology before prescribing OCs. OCs should be stopped in case of viral hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Contraception and hepatogastroenterology]. 1231 76

The present paper summarizes the various themes of research which have been developed in the department of medical gastroenterology since it was created in 1977. These include: in pancreatology, the study of chronic pancreatitis pathogenesis, acute pancreatitis pathogenesis and immunomodulation, endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis, the development of new imaging techniques of the bile ducts and the pancreas, as well as the treatment of pancreatic cancer and benign or malignant biliary diseases. in hepatology, the immunomodulation of liver cirrhosis, especially alcoholic liver disease, the modulation of experimental acute and chronic hepatitis, the study of liver ischemia-reperfusion. Clinical hepatology has focused on liver transplantation, prognosis factors of chronic liver disease and treatment of portal hypertension and viral hepatitis. in gut diseases, the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux and its complications, the therapeutic endoscopy of the upper and lower GI and the prevention, as well as the treatment, of colon cancer, the pathogenesis and the immunopharmacology of inflammatory bowel diseases and the clinical enteral and parenteral nutrition.
 ...
PMID:[The medical gastroenterology department]. 1258 14

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the number and type of active medical conditions among psychiatric patients treated by an assertive community treatment (ACT) team in an urban setting. Psychiatric hospitalization admission and discharge summaries of 70 patients were reviewed, and case managers on the treatment team were interviewed. Patients had a median of three active medical conditions. Osteoarthritis, hypertension, viral Hepatitis C infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and reactive airway disease were the most common active medical illnesses. The majority of patients were cigarette smokers and were diagnosed with alcohol or illicit substance use disorders, which were associated with viral hepatitis C infection and reactive airway disease in this patient population.
 ...
PMID:Active medical conditions among patients on an assertive community treatment team. 1640 83

The 12th Update in Gastroenterology and Hepatology for the Primary Care Practitioner is an annual course organized by the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the University of California, Davis, and held in beautiful Monterey, California. The course was geared towards primary care physicians, nurse practitioners and other allied health professionals. The goals of this symposium were to provide current information regarding the diagnosis and management of digestive diseases commonly seen in the primary care setting and to provide practical guidelines for disease management. Topics covered during this symposium included viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, gastroparesis and bariatric surgery. The course was organized into two sessions each morning, over 2 days, with three or four 30-min lectures. A brief question-and-answer session followed each lecture.
 ...
PMID:12th Update in Gastroenterology and Hepatology for the Primary Care Practitioner. 1907 40

Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.
 ...
PMID:Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression. 3316 21