Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When infants with recurrent wheezing have a clinical course inconsistent with asthma, an extensive list of alternative diagnoses needs to be considered. Anatomic malformations, such as congenital heart disease, laryngotracheomalacia, and diaphragmatic hernia, should be considered for immediate medical stabilization and early surgical correction. Life-threatening infections such as bacterial epiglottitis, retropharyngeal cellulitis, and viral myocarditis require prompt intervention. A careful history and physical examination reveal important diagnostic clues that, in this case, prompted a directed evaluation to rule out common masqueraders of asthma such as foreign body aspiration, cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux, viral pneumonitis, or pulmonary tuberculosis. On occasion, such a search is unrevealing and a diagnostic challenge remains. In those situations, judicious use of modern technology to scrutinize anatomic (high-resolution computed tomography) and functional (infant pulmonary function tests) pathology, and justifiable invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and lung biopsy, uncover the true diagnosis, allowing for optimal management.
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PMID:A wheezy infant unresponsive to bronchodilators. 916 57

Initial management of chest pain in athletes always should involve assessment for serious, life-threatening causes, such as myocardial infarction. However, atypical chest pain, or chest pain not due to myocardial ischaemia, is a common presentation in the athletic population. This review looks at the possible causes of atypical chest pain in athletes, focusing upon conditions that are more common in athletes than the general population or that have a link to exercise. Causes can be grouped due to the system involved (musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiac) with more common causes including rib stress fractures, costochondritis, muscle strain, gastroesophageal reflux, and exercise-induced asthma. Psychogenic causes can be common in children/adolescents. Return to play is discussed, with some conditions such as myocarditis warranting a long (at least 6 months) absence from training, whereas others such as precordial catch require nothing more than reassurance.
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PMID:Atypical chest pain in athletes. 1928 Jul 69

Clozapine (CLZ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia; however, its suitable use is limited by the complex adverse effects' profile. The best-described adverse effects in the literature are represented by agranulocytosis, myocarditis, sedation, weight gain, hypotension, and drooling; nevertheless, there are other known adverse effects that psychiatrists should readily recognize and manage. This review covers the "rare" and "very rare" known adverse effects of CLZ, which have been accurately described in literature. An extensive search on the basis of predefined criteria was made using CLZ and its combination with adverse effects as keywords in electronic databases. Data show the association between the use of CLZ and uncommon adverse effects, including ischemic colitis, paralytic ileus, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, priapism, urinary incontinence, pityriasis rosea, intertriginous erythema, pulmonary thromboembolism, pseudo-pheochromocytoma, periorbital edema, and parotitis, which are influenced by other variables including age, early diagnosis, and previous/current pharmacological therapies. Some of these adverse effects, although unpredictable, are often manageable if promptly recognized and treated. Others are serious and potentially life-threatening. However, an adequate knowledge of the drug, clinical vigilance, and rapid intervention can drastically reduce the morbidity and mortality related to CLZ treatment.
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PMID:Rare and very rare adverse effects of clozapine. 2627 2