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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory condition of the esophagus characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. It is a condition mainly affecting children; the adult form has only recently gained recognition as a distinct entity. The major symptom among adults with eosinophilic esophagitis is dysphagia. It is often misdiagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease because of the similarity in symptoms. An endoscopic biopsy is required to distinguish between the conditions. The cause of eosinophilic esophagitis is poorly understood, but food allergy has been implicated. Topical steroids are the most effective and convenient method for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. The long-term prognosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is uncertain; however, data suggests a benign course. We herein present two eosinophilic esophagitis cases that were the first to be diagnosed in our clinic.
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PMID:Eosinophilic esophagitis: case report. 1760 57

Duodenal web most commonly presents with a history of vomiting and failure to thrive in the early infancy period. This study reports on a child who had an initial presentation of feeding intolerance and rare nonbilious emesis. The unusual presentation of food refusal directed the investigation to an upper endoscopy to look for evidence of gastrointestinal mucosal disease such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, and food allergy including celiac disease. The finding of duodenal web with a central aperture was unexpected but explains the mild degree of her gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:Food refusal as an unusual presentation in a toddler with duodenal web. 1859 77

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, constipation and colic are among the most common disorders in infancy and early childhood. In at least a subset of infants with these functional disorders, improvement after dietary elimination of specific food proteins has been demonstrated. Gastrointestinal food allergy should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with persistent regurgitation, constipation or irritable behaviour, particularly if conventional treatment has not been beneficial. The diagnosis of food protein-induced gastrointestinal motility disorders is hampered by the absence of specific clinical features or useful laboratory markers. Gastrointestinal biopsies before commencing a hypoallergenic diet may provide the most important diagnostic clues. Early recognition is essential for the optimal management of these patients to prevent nutritional sequelae or aversive feeding behaviours. Treatment relies on hypoallergenic formulae, as well as maternal elimination diets in breast-fed infants. Further research is required to better define the pathological mechanisms and diagnostic markers of paediatric allergic gastrointestinal motility disorders. The following article will present three instructive cases followed by discussion of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and natural history of food allergic motility disorders in infancy and early childhood.
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PMID:Allergic gastrointestinal motility disorders in infancy and early childhood. 1871 39

Approximately 7% to 8% of children are affected by food allergies, the most common being cow's milk allergy (CMA), and egg and peanut allergies. The occurrence of CMA decreases with age, but it is often replaced by other allergic manifestations. CMA affects mainly the skin and gastrointestinal tract, and reactions mediated via immunoglobulin E manifest differently to those that are not. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is frequently present in the first year of life and may be associated with CMA. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is related to food allergy and aeroallergens, less common than gastroesophageal reflux disease, and generally occurs in older children. Eosinophilic oesophagitis manifests as classic symptoms of reflux plus dysphagia. Treatment includes allergen avoidance and local steroid treatment. Other manifestations of CMA include eosinophilic gastroenteritis and proctocolitis. Accurate diagnosis of food allergy and the causative food is important because the condition is present in only about one third of patients with suspected food allergy, may be due to foods other than those originally suspected, and elimination diets may be detrimental to the child's health. Differential diagnosis is important to rule out upper and/or lower gastrointestinal disorders. Food allergy is generally treated with a hypoallergenic diet; antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists may be used in specific conditions.
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PMID:Food allergy as seen by a paediatric gastroenterologist. 1893 1

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of children and adults with eosinophilic esophagitis (EE). This recently recognized form of chronic pan-esophagitis is characterized by dense eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. EE is closely associated with male gender and allergic disorders, such as food allergy, eczema and asthma. The diagnosis relies on demonstration of increased numbers of eosinophils (>/= 15 per high power field) in esophageal biopsies. There is clinical overlap between EE and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients with EE typically present with reflux symptoms but are unresponsive to proton pump inhibitor therapy. While dysphagia, regurgitation and retrosternal pain are the clinical hallmarks of EE, many patients are asymptomatic. Treatment aims to prevent long-term complications, such as acute food bolus impaction or esophageal strictures. In childhood, treatment relies on elemental or elimination diets. Skin prick and atopy patch testing have proved useful in guiding specific dietary elimination. In adolescents and adults, broad-based elimination diets are commonly not tolerated or may be ineffective. These patients may respond to swallowed corticosteroid aerosols or other immune-modulating drugs. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to outline the most effective long-term treatment of EE.
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PMID:Eosinophilic esophagitis: example of an emerging allergic manifestation? 1971 May 18

Gastrointestinal food allergies are a spectrum of disorders that result from adverse immune responses to dietary antigens. The disorders include immediate gastrointestinal hypersensitivity, allergic eosinophilic esophagitis, gastritis, gastroenterocolitis, proctitis, dietary protein enterocolitis, enteropathy and celiac disease. Additional disorders sometimes attributed to food allergy include colic, gastroesophageal reflux and constipation. The pediatrician faces several challenges in dealing with these disorders because diagnosis requires differentiating allergic disorders from many other causes of similar symptoms and therapy requires identification of causal foods, application of therapeutic diets and/or medications and monitoring for resolution of these disorders.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of allergic diseases in children]. 1983 97

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, eosinophil-predominant inflammatory condition that can affect esophageal mucosa at any age. Distinguished from gastroesophageal reflux disease in the mid 1990's, it has seemed to be increasingly prevalent, and is usually a manifestation of food allergy. The endoscopic and histologic features are well described. The clinical manifestations vary considerably by age, with adolescents and adults complaining primarily of dysphagia. Younger children may present with pain, vomiting, other evidence for food allergy, or feeding difficulties. Treatment options include swallowed (non-systemic) steroids and dietary antigen elimination, and must be maintained indefinitely due to the extremely high rate of recurrence off therapy. The complications of untreated disease include fibrosis of the esophageal lamina propria and stricture formation that result in chronic dysphagia, risking food impaction and perforation.
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PMID:Eosinophilic esophagitis. 2048 52

This paper describes the occurrence of feeding disorders, atopic dermatitis, life-threatening symptoms, Sandifer syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease in 8-month old infant in the course of food hypersensitivity. Used in the treatment of cow's milk protein hydrolysates with a considerable degree of hydrolysis, omeprazole, Cisapride. It was not until the introduction of elemental diet based on free amino acids resulted in the withdrawal of life-threatening child's symptoms.
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PMID:[Feeding disorders, ALTE syndrome, Sandifer syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the course of food hypersensitivity in 8-month old infant]. 2071 48

We presented an autopsy case with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) who showed a severe increase in the serum level of IgE. Although the patient had rarely been exposed to food allergens, the serum level of IgE continued increasing. He developed a high titer of serum IgE against specific antigens to which he had never been exposed. There was no mutation of the STAT3 gene, and no abnormalities in immunological functions including serum levels of cytokines. Death was from a hemorrhage caused by a tracheoinnominate artery fistula. At autopsy, the submucosal area of the colon presented with an increase in the number of mast cells immunoreactive for tryptase, which could have been involved with hyper IgE. Since SMID patients tend to be sensitized by food allergens subsequent to recurrent gastroesophageal reflux, we should pay attention to complications of food allergy even when using an elemental diet.
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PMID:[Autopsy case of child with severe motor and intellectual disabilities showing hyper IgE subsequent to food allergy]. 2084 68

Food allergy is defined as an abnormal immunologic reaction to food proteins that causes an adverse clinical reaction. In addition to well-known acute allergic reactions and anaphylaxis triggered by immunoglobulin E antibody-mediated immune responses to food proteins, there is an increasing recognition of cell-mediated disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. More than 90% of food allergies in childhood are caused by eight foods: cow's milk, hen's egg, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, fish, and shellfish. The diagnostic workup for a child with suspected food allergy includes a detailed medical history, physical examination, food allergy screening tests, and responses to an elimination diet and an oral food challenge. None of the screening tests, alone or in combination, can definitely diagnose or exclude a food allergy. Novel diagnostic methods including those that focus on immune responses to specific food proteins or epitopes of specific proteins are under active study. Unconventional diagnostic methods are increasingly used, but they lack scientific rationale, standardization, and reproducibility. In selected cases, such as eosinophilic esophageal gastroenteropathies or food protein-induced gastroesophageal reflux disease, invasive procedures are mandatory for an accurate diagnosis. Properly done, an oral food challenge is still the gold standard in the diagnostic workup. An incorrect diagnosis is likely to result in unnecessary dietary restrictions, which, if prolonged, may adversely affect the child's nutritional status and growth.
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PMID:The optimal diagnostic workup for children with suspected food allergy. 2190 96


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