Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Barium esophagrams of 160 infants who were being examined for apneic episodes were obtained at a referral center for the investigation of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The studies were standardized as closely as possible to evaluate swallowing, esophageal function and anatomy, and the gastroduodenal regions. The level and frequency of gastroesophageal reflux were carefully assessed. The most common abnormality identified was gastroesophageal reflux (54%). Other abnormalities included nasopharyngeal reflux (27%), aberrant right subclavian artery (3%), and aspiration into the airway (3%). Swallowing dysfunction, esophageal dysmotility, antral dysmotility, chalasia, and tracheoesophageal fistula were each found in less than 1% of the infants.
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PMID:Infant apnea: findings on the barium esophagram. 686 35

Structural or functional abnormalities of the distal esophagus were demonstrated by cineradiography in 14 of 16 patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis who had been incompletely responsive to high dose corticosteroids and, in some cases, immunosuppressive therapy, or who had adverse effects associated with these therapies. These distal abnormalities occurred in the absence of proximal esophageal skeletal muscle dysfunction in 70% of patients, usually were more frequent with increasing disease duration, and were functionally similar to abnormalities reported in scleroderma. Symptomatic improvement occurred to some patients with administration of antacids and measures designed to decrease esophageal reflux, but improved esophageal symptoms did not correlate with improvement in the myositis. In 18 autopsy subjects with similar histories, distal esophageal smooth muscle atrophy and fibrosis occurred in only 1 and 2 cases, respectively. Of 5 in whom distal esophageal dysmotility had been documented ante-mortem, only 1 had fibrosis and none had smooth muscle atrophy. These findings suggest that factors other than fibrosis and muscle atrophy may contribute to distal esophageal dysmotility in polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
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PMID:Esophageal abnormalities and dysphagia in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. 688 90

Lower esophageal rings were found in five of 40 consecutive patients seen with progressive systemic sclerosis. Three of these five patients had diffuse skin involvement and two had the CREST variant of progressive systemic sclerosis. All of the patients with lower esophageal rings had intermittent esophageal obstruction (initially attributed to esophageal dysmotility), but so did five of seven patients with esophageal strictures without lower esophageal rings. Esophageal bougienage relieved this symptom in four of the five patients with rings in which it was performed. Persistent relief of these obstructive symptoms (6-36 months) in the patients with rings was in contrast to the recurrent dilatations that have been needed in the group of patients with peptic strictures. In contrast to esophageal aperistalsis and/or stricture formation, the lower esophageal ring, perhaps as a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux, may be a more treatable cause of dysphagia in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.
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PMID:Lower esophageal rings as a cause of dysphagia in progressive systemic sclerosis--coincidence or consequence? 688 63

Eight children presenting with the Sandifer syndrome (with neck contorsion, radiologic studies of the cervical spine and normal neurologic exploration) have been studied in relation to gastro-esophageal reflux (GER). In the eight cases barium swallow, 24 h pH-metering, manometry, endoscopy and biopsy were made, presenting pathological GER. The barium swallow was pathologic in 62% of them. The pH-metering in 37%. The lower esophageal sphincter pressures were decreased in 37%, with esophageal motility alteration in 75%. Signs of macro and/or microscopic esophagitis were found in 62%. Three patients received surgical treatment and the rest medical treatment, with improvement of the neck contorsion in all cases. We have attempted to evaluate which one of the functional explorations for the GER diagnosis is better in this kind of patients, and we have demonstrated that the most frequently found alteration is the esophageal dysmotility.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux in association with the Sandifer syndrome. 757 56

Patients with severe GERD resistant to medical therapy are benefited greatly by laparoscopic fundoplication provided that there is careful preoperative patient selection and evaluation. Preoperative evaluation should include contrast esophagography, EGD with biopsies, stationary manometry, and 24-hour pH analysis. Significant esophageal shortening or severe dysplasia are contraindications to laparoscopic fundoplication. A short, loose Nissen fundoplication should be performed in patients with adequate esophageal body function, whereas patients with esophageal dysmotility should be offered a partial fundoplication such as the Toupet procedure. If these guidelines are followed, long-term good results can be expected, with minimal complications, and all of the advantages of the minimally invasive approach.
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PMID:The technique of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. 758 30

Patients are often referred for evaluation of a wide range of GI complaints including dysphagia, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, constipation or diarrhoea. Many are diagnosed with 'functional' disease when endoscopy or conventional radiological studies fail to identify an anatomic cause for the patient's symptoms. In such cases nuclear medicine offers non-invasive methods for objectively demonstrating disease involving different areas of the gastrointestinal tract. Increasingly scintigraphy is playing a primary role in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis, active gastrointestinal bleeding, gastroparesis, and small and large bowel motility disorders. In addition, it supplements other studies when results are inconclusive in diagnosing oesophageal dysmotility, gastro-oesophageal reflux, acalculous cholecystitis, and postoperative complications of gastrointestinal surgery.
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PMID:Current applicability of scintigraphic methods in gastroenterology. 777 16

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) is a systemic disease with a high frequency of gastro-intestinal involvement. The present thesis deals with the occurrence of, the complications to, and the treatment of the esophageal manifestations combined with more experimental studies on small intestine manifestations. The conclusions in this thesis are based on results achieved in 9 original previously published papers. The pattern of esophageal dysmotility is thoroughly evaluated in 156 consecutive PSS patients and is found to be identical to what is found in other large series of PSS patients. In paper no. I dysmotility variables are correlated to the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and it is shown that also in this group of patients with well defined dysmotility problems the only reliable GER test is pH-metry. Esophageal dysmotility furthers esophageal candidosis, which is further facilitated by anti-reflux treatment. This problem is evaluated in paper no. V. Progression of esophageal dysmotility in spite of D-penicillamine treatment is shown in paper no. VII and confirms the non-stable condition of the PSS patient in regard to esophageal manifestations and complications. This point is also outlined in paper no. IX concerning surveillance and continuous treatment of esophageal PSS. Esophageal stricturing is a well-known entity in PSS. The etiologic question of esophageal stricturing being a manifestation of PSS and/or a peptic complication, is approached in paper no. VIII. PSS manifestations of the small intestine are not as frequent as in the esophagus, in the present material only 19% presented with X-ray changes. However, bacterial count of duodenal juice as an indirect measurement of small intestinal dysmotility in paper no. VI indicates a much larger percentage of small intestinal involvement than revealed by X-ray. In paper no. VI the exocrine pancreatic function was assessed in 16 PSS patients. It is shown that the endogenous stimulation capacity is preserved even in spite of demonstrable small intestinal PSS involvement and that exocrine pancreatic function is frequently reduced, but rarely to a degree of clinical significance. Small intestinal enterocyte function is evaluated according to the ability to hydrolyse folatepolyglutamates and to absorb D-penicillamine, and is in both respects found less than normal. In an ultrastructural evaluation (paper II) the enterocytes presented signs of defective fat transport. PSS manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract are frequent and burdensome to the patient. Omeprazole and new prokinetic drugs have rendered new therapeutic potentialities, which, however, more than ever demand constant surveillance and individualized regulation of treatment.
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PMID:Esophageal and small intestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis. A clinical and experimental study. 781 47

The effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISD) on gastroesophageal reflux and gastric emptying during the 24-min period following a liquid meal was studied in healthy volunteers, Chagas' disease patients with normal esophageal motility (CD-1 group), and Chagas' disease patients with esophageal dysmotility (CD-2 group) with dynamic scintigraphy. At random, on two separate days, the subjects received 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate or an identical-appearing placebo tablet, by the sublingual route, and ingested a liquid test meal containing [99mTc]phytate colloid before scintigraphic studies were performed. Gastroesophageal reflux episodes were more frequent (P = 0.016) and gastroesophageal reflux indexes were greater (P < 0.010) after isosorbide dinitrate than after placebo in CD-2 group (N = 15) but not in healthy volunteers (N = 14) or CD-1 group (N = 9); six of seven CD-2 patients presenting with gastroesophageal reflux after isosorbide dinitrate had abnormal clearance of refluxate. Gastric emptying was similar in healthy volunteers (N = 13), CD-1 patients (N = 6), and CD-2 patients (N = 13), and no effect of isosorbide dinitrate on it was detected in any of the groups. In separate studies, 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate reduced the lower esophageal pressure (P < 0.01) in seven CD-2 patients. These results indicate that ISD increases the tendency towards GER in CD-2 patients, but not in healthy volunteers or CD-1 patients. This effect is probably related to an exceedingly intense relaxation of the LES caused by ISD in CD-2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of isosorbide dinitrate on gastroesophageal reflux in healthy volunteers and patients with Chagas' disease. 782 Nov 6

Three cases of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum, treated successfully by surgery, were reported. Case 1 was a 71-year-old female associated with gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal dysmotility. Case 2 was a 40-year-old female associated with gastroesophageal reflux but no esophageal dysmotility. Case 3 was a 51-year-old male who showed no abnormality in esophageal pH and manometry, and esophageal scintigraphy. Resection of the diverticulum was performed in three cases and Belsey's fundoplication was added in case 1 and 2. In the patients with epiphrenic diverticulum, concomitant esophageal dysfunction can be the cause of the diverticulum and symptom. It is essential in deciding the surgical procedure to evaluate the esophageal function in the patients with epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum.
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PMID:[Three operated cases of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum]. 783 29

The presentation, oesophageal profile and management of 27 symptomatic patients with daytime (upright) gastro-oesophageal reflux only is reported. Oesophagitis was a presenting feature in 11 patients and its development was most closely correlated with postprandial reflux, which was characterized by cumulative acid exposure rather than by clearance abnormalities. Upright reflux was not associated with a hypotensive lower oesophageal sphincter or with oesophageal dysmotility. Antireflux surgery is indicated when conservative measures fail and was not associated with gas-bloat syndrome after operation.
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PMID:Implications of upright gastro-oesophageal reflux. 815 46


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