Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017168 (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
 11,783 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six different immunisation regimes have been used to generate spleen cells with reactivity against human pancreatic exocrine cancer. Immunised spleen cells were fused with an NSO/1 myeloma line and supernatants from these hybridomas selectively screened for monoclonal antibodies which bound predominantly to a pancreatic cancer cell line (GER). The spleen cells from hairy litter mates immunised with pancreatic cancer xenograft homogenates and viable GER cells generated 13% of hybridoma supernatants which showed some selectivity for GER pancreatic cancer cells in a fixed cell ELISA assay. The other methods produced only 4% of hybrids with selectivity for GER cells. The antigen distribution on gluteraldehyde fixed cells was similar to that found for viable cell monolayers but many antigens were unstable on formalin fixation. Immunohistochemical staining of GER cells grown on glass slides showed a heterogeneity of antigen distribution with up to 70% of the cells exhibiting a vesicular pattern of staining. Fifty percent of the antibodies which bound to GER cells were also reactive against antigens in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the original GER tumour. Monoclonal antibody DD9E7 identified an antigen expressed on 12/14 pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The antibody showed strong staining of malignant luminal membranes and cytoplasm. The antigen was also present in normal salivary and sweat glands, and colon and breast carcinomas, but its tissue distribution was unlike that of CEA or EMA. The expression of this antigen in 12/14 of pancreatic carcinomas suggests that DD9E7 may be a useful reagent for pancreatic tumour detection.
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PMID:The generation of monoclonal antibodies against human pancreatic exocrine cancer: a study of six different immunisation regimes. 406 33

Achalasia is a functional disorder of the alimentary tract due to decreased or absent peristalsis of the esophageal body and obstructive outlet of the esophagus. Surgical treatment, eg. esophagomyotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), was one choice for resolving the problem and its effect was affirmative from reviews of many internationally authorized articles. However, few reports have ever questioned the long-term effects of it. From January 1968 to May 1996, 159 esophageal achalasic patients, 90 males and 69 females, were admitted due to dysphagia or food regurgitation. One hundred and forty-five patients had received 158 operations related to this benign motor disorder. The majority of patients received either modified Heller esophagomyotomy (M) or M plus modified Belsy Mark IV antireflux procedure (M+W) for primary treatment of their esophageal disorder, while conditional selection with addition of esophageal resection as advanced procedures for failure of primary surgery. We retrospectively studied these patients, collected their preoperative and postoperative clinical results, analyzed the causes of recurrent symptoms, compared the long-term results in different surgical procedures and searched for the pathogenesis of their failure. The results disclosed that the overall success rate for both methods was 73.1% with 85.7% for patients receiving M+W (56) and 64.9% of M (77) only. Through long-term follow-up, we had an improvement rate of 97.4% at an early stage and 53.3% for M at a late stage and 98.4% and 55.6% for M+W, respectively. The postoperative natural course of achalasic patients could be seen and progressive deterioration of the operated patients with time was noted. Several factors might contribute to the causes of unsuccessful surgery. We summarized them as incomplete myotomy, fused or healed myotomy, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), mucosal hernia and co-combined antireflux procedure by hypercalibrated or floppy wrapping. Esophagomyotomy or myotomy plus antireflux procedure for the esophagus could be concluded to rather effective in the long-term but palliative treatments for achalasia chronic deterioration of the results could be found for both of them. Defective myotomy and GER may be the major causes for their failure. The choice of types of surgery between M and M+W was not the cause of the unsuccessful results whereas the operative strategy and procedures would have a certain significance on the long-term effect.
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PMID:Surgery for achalasia: long-term results in operated achalasic patients. 991 58