Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1979, at the end of the rule of the Pol Pot regime, there were fewer than 50 doctors in Cambodia as all health centers and hospitals had been destroyed or emptied in 1975. By 1991, there were 705 doctors and each of the 19 provinces had hospital facilities but many lacked running water and adequate waste disposal. In 1992, only 20% of the rural population had access to reliable and safe drinking water. Only 37% of 1-year old children are vaccinated, and poliomyelitis is responsible for 32,000 disabled children under 18 years of age. 74% of homes have no toilets and only 8% have electricity. There are no certified pediatric surgeons in the country, although surgeons are learning the techniques to treat children. Many conditions requiring surgery in children are underdiagnosed, e.g., intra-abdominal surgical conditions may be attributed to gastroenteritis. Undescended testes and abdominal and renal abnormalities are rarely detected in Cambodian children. Most pediatric work is conducted in two pediatric and two general hospitals in Phnom Penh, although children are also treated in peripheral hospitals. The major hospitals have ultrasound machines and access to biochemistry and microbiology services. The improvement of pediatric services requires the training of surgeons, doctors, and nurses in a series of clinics by experienced pediatric surgeons affiliated with the four major hospitals. CARE Australia and the International Federation of Surgical Colleges initiated a program in November 1995 to train students as well as local teachers in medicine, pharmacology, and dentistry. Certification of the medical staff will be provided by the international federation and funding for training in foreign countries like Australia could also be solicited.
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PMID:Paediatric surgery in Cambodia. 853 66

The study were performed on 90 piglets of both sexes, divided into two groups, i.e. control, consisting of 30 healthy animals, and experimental, including 60 piglets with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Clinical, hematological and biochemical tests were performed in all the animals at the age of 21 and 35 days, and 7 days after weaning. Hematological investigations included the determination of Hb, Ht, Erys, Lkcs, MCHC and MCV. Biochemical analyses allowed to determine the serum activity of ALT, ALP, LDH and its isoenzymes, the serum level of Na+, K+ and Cl-, as well as the serum content of glucose, cholesterol and total protein. Indices of the acid-base equilibrium were determined in whole blood. The results obtained show that anemia and a tendency towards metabolic acidosis observed in healthy piglets may have a negative effect on homeostasis. Hypotonic dehydration, metabolic acidosis and energy deficits found in piglets with gastroenteritis may cause damage of some organs including the liver and pancreas. It was also found that isoenzymatic separation of LDH together with indices of the so called hepatic profile may be helpful to diagnose hepatocellular damage.
Pol J Vet Sci 2002
PMID:Effect of metabolic disorders accompanying gastroenteritis on the pancreatic exocrine function in piglets. A. Metabolic disturbances in piglets with gastroenteritis. 1244 79

The study was performed on 90 piglets of both sexes, aged from 21 to 42 days. The control group consisted of 30 healthy piglets, the experimental one included 60 piglets with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Clinical and biochemical tests were performed on all the animals at the age of 21 and 35 days, and 7 days after weaning. Biochemical examinations allowed to determine the total serum activity of amylase and lipase, and the amylase salivary and pancreatic fractions. The total activity of amylase and lipase was also determined in pancreatic homogenates. A biochemical feces analysis (pH and fat content) and a D-xylose test were made in 20 piglets from each of the groups. The results obtained revealed failure of the pancreatic exocrine function in the piglets with gastroenteritis. A decrease in the total amylase activity, resulting from hypoactivity of its pancreatic fraction, was observed in the experimental animals. It was also found that indirect function tests cannot be applied to evaluate the pancreatic exocrine function in piglets with diarrhea.
Pol J Vet Sci 2002
PMID:Effect of metabolic disorders accompanying gastroenteritis on the pancreatic exocrine function in piglets. B. Disturbances of the pancreatic exocrine function in piglets with gastroenteritis. 1244 80

The study was performed on 20 piglets of both sexes. The control group consisted of 10 healthy piglets, the experimental, group included 10 piglets with symptoms of gastroenteritis. All the animals were subjected to euthanasia at the age of 21 or 35 days (weaning), or 7 days after weaning, and immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were performed on all of them. Immunohistochemical examinations of the experimental piglets included additional tests made on five piglets with gastroenteritis, characterized by poor general condition. Histopathological examinations of the pancreas revealed retrogressive changes, which might result from hemodynamic disorders. Changes in the localization of SOM and VIP found in the pancreas suggested inhibition of pancreatic enzyme synthesis in piglets with diarrhea. The co-localization of GAL and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H--a key enzyme of the noradrenaline synthesis pathway) in perivascular nerve fibers could lead to considerable vasospasms in the pancreas, resulting in deeper hypoxia of the organ. Immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations confirmed the results of biochemical analyses, indicating failure of the pancreatic exocrine function in piglets with gastroenteritis.
Pol J Vet Sci 2002
PMID:Effect of metabolic disorders accompanying gastroenteritis on the pancreatic exocrine function in piglets. C. Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the pancreas of piglets with gastroenteritis. 1244 81

In vitro mapping studies of the MD145 norovirus (Caliciviridae) ORF1 polyprotein identified two stable cleavage products containing the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains: ProPol (a precursor comprised of both the proteinase and polymerase) and Pol (the mature polymerase). The goal of this study was to identify the active form (or forms) of the norovirus polymerase. The recombinant ProPol (expressed as Pro(-)Pol with an inactivated proteinase domain to prevent autocleavage) and recombinant Pol were purified after synthesis in bacteria and shown to be active RdRp enzymes. In addition, the mutant His-E1189A-ProPol protein (with active proteinase but with the natural ProPol cleavage site blocked) was active as an RdRp, confirming that the norovirus ProPol precursor could possess two enzymatic activities simultaneously. The effects of several UTP analogs on the RdRp activity of the norovirus and feline calicivirus Pro(-)Pol enzymes were compared and found to be similar. Our data suggest that the norovirus ProPol is a bifunctional enzyme during virus replication. The availability of this recombinant ProPol enzyme might prove useful in the development of antiviral drugs for control of the noroviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Norovirus proteinase-polymerase and polymerase are both active forms of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 1568 40

A total of 103 strains of Aeromonas spp. isolated from clinical and from environmental samples was compared by using SDS-PAGE of periplasmic proteins patterns. Strains isolated from Polish children suffering from gastroenteritis did not appear similar to strains isolated from human living in Hong-Kong. Aeromonas sp. strains did not show a tendency to cluster according to their origin. Our results have demonstrated no species-specific periplasmic protein profiles. A significant protein electrophoretic heterogeneity was observed within the species A. hydrophila, A. bestiarum, A. salmonicida, A. caviae, A. media, and A. veronii biotype sobria.
Pol J Microbiol 2005
PMID:Numerical analysis of electrophoretic periplasmic protein patterns of Aeromonas sp. strains. 1620 1

A fecal archive containing 115 sapovirus (SaV) strains detected in samples collected from 15 outbreaks and 98 sporadic cases of gastroenteritis between 1989 and 2004 in the UK were characterized in order to determine the genomic diversity within SaV co-circulating in the human population. Strains were characterized by partial sequencing of the genes encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region and/or the polymerase/capsid (Pol/Cap) junction of the open reading frame (Orf) 1. Overall, SaV of genogroup I genotype 1 (GI 1) were the predominant strains circulating in the UK in each year between 1989 and 2004. During 2004, GII 1 was the predominant strain. These two SaV types accounted for 89.5% of the sporadic cases and outbreaks in the UK. The remaining cases were caused by six other SaV genotypes. On the basis of partial sequencing of the RdRp and capsid encoding genes of strains, which did not show sufficient homology to any of the currently recognized genotypes, we propose the inclusion of a presumptive fourth genotype within genogroup I (GI 4).
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PMID:Characterization of sapoviruses collected in the United Kingdom from 1989 to 2004. 1655 76

Sapovirus (SaV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in humans and swine and is currently divided into five genogroups, GI-GV. The proteolytic processing of the SaV open reading frame 1 (ORF1) polyprotein with a human GII SaV Mc10 strain has recently been determined and the products are arranged in the following order: NH(2)-p11-p28-p35 (NTPase)-p32-p14 (VPg)-p70 (Pro-Pol)-p60 (VP1)-COOH. The cleavage site between p14 (VPg) and p70 (Pro-Pol) was identified as E(1055)/A(1056) by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. To identify other cleavage sites, a series of GII SaV Mc10 full-length clones containing disrupted potential cleavage sites in the ORF1 polyprotein were constructed and used to generate linear DNA templates for in vitro coupled transcription-translation. The translation products were analysed by SDS-PAGE or by immunoprecipitation with region-specific antibodies. N-terminal amino acid sequencing with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins was also used to identify the cleavage site between p32 and p14. These approaches enabled identification of the six cleavage sites of the Mc10 ORF1 polyprotein as E(69)/G(70), Q(325)/G(326), Q(666)/G(667), E(940)/A(941), E(1055)/A(1056) and E(1722)/G(1723). The alignment of the SaV full-length ORF1 amino acid sequences indicated that the dipeptides used for the cleavage sites were either E or Q at the P1 position and A, G or S at the P1' position, which were conserved in the GI, GII, GIII, GIV and GV SaV ORF1 polyprotein.
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PMID:Identification of the cleavage sites of sapovirus open reading frame 1 polyprotein. 1703 Aug 67

The most characteristic finding in non-typhoid salmonella (NTS) infection is acute food related outbreaks of gastroenteritis, which is usually benign and self-limiting. However, more serious extraintestinal findings, such as bacteraemia and focal infections localized to any organ may appear. The objective of this paper is to describe the most important characteristic of the extraintestinal infections due to NTS serotypes observed in University Hospital, in Cracow between January 2000 and December 2006. To do so, we reviewed the clinical presentations, risk groups, complications and outcomes of in-patients, in which extraintestinal non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes were isolated, applying a clinomicrobiological protocol. Out of 30 patients with either bacteraemias (n = 22) or focal salmonella infections (n = 8), 12 had malignancies, 17 had immune dysfunction state, 9 had gastrointestinal disorders and 8 had chronic heart, pulmonary or kidney disease. Four of these patients (13%) who had hematological malignancies (2), renal transplantation (1) and pulmonary disease (1) died. Regarding the clinical picture, primary bacteraemia and focal infections occurred with similar frequency (33.3% and 26.7%, respectively); the remaining were bacteraemias secondary to gastroenteritis. The incidence rate (mean 0.30/1000 hospital admission/year) increased steadily from 0.19/1000 to 0.32/1000 hospital admission during the study period. From 30 Salmonella isolates from extraintestinal samples collected, only four isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This finding indicate that multidrug resistance does not represent a serious problem among NTS serotypes collected from the our medical center as monitored over a period of 7 years. Given this presentation, clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion and to consider preemptive therapy, especially in elderly patients who are likely to develop severe immunosuppression following interventions.
Pol J Microbiol 2008
PMID:Clinical presentation of extraintestinal infections caused by non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes among patients at the University Hospital in Cracow during an 7-year period. 1861 Jun 55

Campylobacter species are among the most frequently identified bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis. Because Campylobacter spp. harbored by cattle can be transmitted to humans, in this study we investigated antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from cows. Our study included 150 strains of Campylobacter (143 strains of C. jejuni and 7 strains of C. coli) isolated from cows in South-Western Poland. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline were determined using the agar dilution methodology. All strains of C. coli were susceptible to all four drugs studied. The most frequently detected resistance of C. jejuni was to ciprofloxacin (26 strains 18.2%). Resistance to tetracycline was observed in 5 strains (3.5%). All strains of C. jejuni were susceptible to erythromycin and gentamicin.
Pol J Vet Sci 2010
PMID:Antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from cattle in Poland. 2107 50


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