Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Campylobacter may be one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis (GE) in children. It has recently been suggested that it is one of the bacterial pathogens most likely to infect immune-compromised children, and it may facilitate colonization of enteric pathogens. The immune system response was studied in 12 children with Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni (CBJ) infections. Serum concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG were analyzed using a Beckman auto-analyzer. Sera specific Ab to CBJ were tested with CBJ specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes was performed to three lectins: Con A, PWM, and PHA. The lymphocyte blast transformation to Campylobacter was studied using the Campylobacter antigen. T-cell subsets were studied using the monoclonal antibodies Leu 2, 3, and 4 (Becton Dickinson). Chemotaxis was measured in modified Boyden chambers; chemotactic stimulants were the Formyl Met Leu Phe, Campylobacter antigen virion, and E. coli 0111 B. Immunoglobulins were normal in nine cases and abnormal in two children previously diagnosed as agammaglobulinemic and one diagnosed as hypoagammaglobulinemic. Specific serum Ab level was significantly higher in the CBJ group, except in the agammaglobulinemic group. Stimulation indices to mitogens and monoclonal subset were in the normal range. The blastogenic transformation to CBJ Ag was decreased compared to normal lectins, and positive and high compared to controls. The chemotactic activity to campylobacter Ag was decreased in comparison to other stimulants. Most CBJ infections are self-limiting due to a normal immune response and collaboration of all cellular limbs. When, however, the immune response is disturbed, we may find a prolonged and complicated course of CBJ.
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PMID:The immune system response to Campylobacter infection. 337 6

Ten infants with benign convulsions associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis had no specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On the other hand, eight of 173 patients with other neurological diseases had specific IgG, IgA, or IgM antibodies. The reason for positive ELISA results is discussed.
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PMID:Anti-rotavirus antibody in cerebrospinal fluid. 356 25

Serial measurements of serum and secretory antibodies to Salmonella typhimurium were made by ELISA in eight patients with suspected reactive arthritis identified after a large outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis. All three patients from whom Salmonella had been isolated developed significant serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses. Only one of the three possessed HLA-B27. A further three patients, two with HLA-B27, had raised antibodies, although none had experienced gastroenteritis. Salmonella infection was not confirmed in the remaining two patients. The three B27-negative patients with confirmed reactive arthritis had HLA-B locus antigens which serologically cross-react with B27. One of six patients with confirmed reactive arthritis was under the age of 25 years whereas 256 of 418 (61%) patients with uncomplicated enteritis were under this age. The development of reactive arthritis may follow subclinical Salmonella infection and is influenced by genetic and age-related factors.
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PMID:Salmonella reactive arthritis: serum and secretory antibodies in eight patients identified after a large outbreak. 394 38

Sixty-five infants (mean age 14.7 months, range 6-34 months), hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis, were treated with oral rehydration and rapid reintroduction of full feedings appropriate for age. Cow's milk and milk products were eliminated from the diet of 27 infants, whereas the remaining 38 children continued to receive their usual milk and milk products as parts of the mixed diet. There was no difference between the groups in the clinical recovery from diarrhea. No child had prolonged diarrhea. No new cases of clinical atopy were observed at 1-month follow-up, and there were no significant increases in the total or milk-specific IgE levels. Serum IgG and IgA antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-casein were initially present in the majority of the children, but there were no appreciable changes in these cow's milk antibodies after gastroenteritis, regardless of the type of diet. It is concluded that cow's milk and milk products can be safely given in acute gastroenteritis as parts of the mixed diet for children over 6 months of age. Rapid reintroduction of feedings is beneficial for recovery from diarrhea, and there appears to be little need for dietary restrictions in this age group.
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PMID:Milk versus no milk in rapid refeeding after acute gastroenteritis. 395 52

This editorial reviews current knowledge of the mechanisms by which breastfeeding protects infants against gastroenteritis and other infections. Breast milk averts the disadvantage of contamination with micro-organisms in the handling process common to indigenous foods used in the weaning period and commercial milk products. The infections caused by contaminated food and water compound the malnutrition already caused by inadequate weaning food. Human milk is thought to contain several nonspecific and specific factors that provide protection against infections such as gastroenteristis and upper respiratory tract infections. Analogues to epithelial cell receptors may prevent the mucosal attachment of potential pathogens. Protection of the breast-fed infant against cholera has been shown to be related to the level of the IgA antibodies in the mother's milk against the cholera lipoplysaccharide and enterotoxin.
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PMID:Breast-feeding as a protection against gastroenteritis and other infections. 405 Apr 10

The porcine immunoglobulins M (IgM), A (IgA), and G (IgG) were isolated and purified and some of the properties of the porcine milk IgA were examined. Monospecific antisera which were prepared against these immunoglobulins in rabbits were then used to absorb a particular class of immunoglobulin from sow serum, colostrum, and milk in an attempt to identify the immunoglobulin classes of neutralizing antibodies to the porcine enteric virus, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE). The results of these absorption studies suggest that in colostrum and milk from sows experimentally (orally) or naturally infected with live virulent TGE virus, IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin class of TGE antibodies. Both IgA and IgG TGE antibodies appeared to be present in the serum from these sows, but with IgG TGE antibodies predominating. In contrast, in the serum, colostrum and milk from sows vaccinated intramuscularly or intramammarily with live attenuated TGE virus, the TGE antibody activity was associated mainly with the IgG class of immunoglobulins. These results provide additional data indicating that the route of infection or vaccination markedly influences the immunoglobulin class of antibodies in colostrum and milk. Secondly, IgA antibodies in mammary secretions are probably essential for providing optimal passive immunity of nursing pigs against infection with TGE virus.
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PMID:Isolation of porcine immunoglobulins and determination of the immunoglobulin classes of transmissible gastroenteritis viral antibodies. 462

The antibody response of pregnant swine to transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus was studied, with special reference to the titers and the immunoglobulin (Ig) class of TGE neutralizing antibodies in colostrum and milk. Animals vaccinated twice intramuscularly or intramammarily with live attenuated TGE virus developed high levels of antibodies in serum and colostrum, but the levels in milk declined markedly within a few days post-farrowing. In contrast, animals naturally or experimentally infected with virulent virus generally developed lower levels of antibodies in serum and colostrum but maintained higher levels in milk, as compared to the vaccinated animals. Gel filtration studies indicated that antibodies in milk from vaccinated animals were primarily of the IgG class, whereas those from the naturally or experimentally infected animals were primarily of the IgA class. The ability of sows to transmit a high degree of passive immunity to their suckling progeny was more closely associated with TGE antibodies of the IgA than the IgG class. Present evidence suggests that high levels of TGE antibodies of the IgA class occur in milk as a result of an infection of the intestinal tract. Probable reasons for this are discussed.
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PMID:Antibody responses in serum, colostrum, and milk of swine after infection or vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 462 59

Porcine colostral immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA, isolated from transmissible gastroenteritis virus-infected sows, were compared by direct immunoelectron microscopy. It was estimated, using antibodies with a less than a twofold difference in virus-neutralizing activity, that IgG was 500 times more efficient than was IgA for coating transmissible gastroenteritis virions. Guinea pig complement enhanced the antibody coating with IgG, but did not increase virus-neutralizing activity of IgG or IgA.
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PMID:Direct immunoelectron microscopy of transmissible gastroenteritis virus with immunoglobulins G and A and guinea pig complement. 624 62

Sera and contents of the small intestine from swine inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus were examined for immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody responses by the radioimmunoprecipitation test with antiporcine IgA serum. When swine were orally inoculated with virulent virus, IgA antibody activity was detected in the contents of the small intestine and in serum from postinoculation days 7 to 56. However, IgA antibody activity was not detected in the contents of the small intestine or serum in swine inoculated IM with attenuated virus. The Ig class of serum of swine inoculated with TGE virus was examined by gel filtration chromatography. When swine were orally inoculated with virulent virus, neutralizing antibody was always detected from both fractions of IgA and IgG Neutralizing antibody ws detected only from the IgG fraction in the serum of swine inoculated IM with attenuated virus. The molecular size of serum IgA antibody was determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The titer of this antibody was the highest at a position between 10.9S- and 7S-marker protein. The antibody consisted almost exclusively of dimers. It appeared that serum IgA antibody always originated from the lymphoid tissue of the intestinal tract. This antibody was regarded as an indicator of active immunity of TGE virus.
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PMID:Characterization of immunoglobulin A antibody in serum of swine inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 625 Apr 29

The temporal characteristics of the response of rotavirus specific IgM, IgG, IgA in serum and secretory antibody in feces to rotavirus were studied in 77 hospitalized patients with rotavirus induced gastroenteritis. The response in serum was characterized by the sequential appearance of rotavirus specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody. The IgM antibody appeared to be higher in the acute phase of the disease and was subsequently replaced by the IgG and IgA antibodies. However, the titers of IgG rotavirus antibody in convalescent specimens of serum were found to be statistically significantly lower in patients with severe or prolonged rotavirus infection than in specimens from subjects with mild or moderate disease. Most fecal specimens collected during both the acute and convalescent phase of illness contained virus specific secretory IgA. Higher concentrations of antibody were measured in convalescent samples from patients with prolonged diarrhea and virus shedding. These observations suggest a possible relationship between the severity of rotavirus infection and the nature of systemic and secretory antibody response.
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PMID:Development of serum and intestinal antibody response to rotavirus after naturally acquired rotavirus infection in man. 627 4


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