Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The agglutinating antibody response in duodenal fluid and serum was measured serially in 15 infants with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli gastroenteritis. Peak levels of duodenal agglutinins were recorded 8-18 days after the onset of symptoms, and the titres fell within the next 7-14 days. The immunoglobulin (Ig) class of these antibodies was mainly IgA, but IgM antibodies were detected early in the response, especially in the younger infants. Late antibodies showed less cross-reactions with other strains of E. coli than did early antibodies. Serum antibody responses were detected in eight infants, but they correlated poorly with the titres of intestinal antibodies. No rise in serum antibodies was detected in six infants. It is not known whether these differences are host-derived, or whether they are the result of the invasive properties of some of the infecting organisms.
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PMID:The agglutinating antibody response in the duodenum of infants with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli gastroenteritis. 6 45

Sixteen children with refractory diarrhea and three malnourished children who had frequent episodes of acute gastroenteritis but little diarrhea at the time of hospital admission, were studied by peroral upper small intestinal biopsy. Six children were adequately nourished; five children weighed 62 to 79% of expected weight and eight weighed less than 60% of expected weight. Two of the malnourished children had giardiasis. Pathogenic bacteria were found in only one case. Varying degrees of mucosal atrophy with reduction of mean villous height were seen in 18 cases. The concentration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and plasma cells was about half that seen in well-nourished children with severe nongastrointestinal infections. The concentration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria was about twice that seen in normal adults. The proportions of IgA-producing cells and cells that stained for secretory component were significantly reduced, as compared with normal adult control values. This reduction was most striking in children with malnutrition complicated by giardiasis. Enzyme histochemical studies were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a tendency for considerably reduced acid phosphatase activity in all clinical groups (kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor and marasmus) of growth-retarded infants.
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PMID:Infantile jejunal mucosa in infection and malnutrition. 10 19

Transmissible gastroenteritis or TGE is a virus diarrhoea which occurs in pigs of all ages and is associated with high mortality rates in the young piglets. Growth of virus in the columnar epithelium of the small intestine causes atrophy of the intestinal villi, malabsorption, watery diarrhoea and dehydration. Faecal excretion of virus usually continues up to fourteen days after infection but chronic carriers have been found to occur. TGE is self-limiting on the majority of pig-breeding farms but the virus may persist in particular conditions and an enzootic form of the disease will appear in this case. In typical outbreaks, the diagnosis can usually be based on clinical symptoms. When the disease runs an enzootic course, a clinical diagnosis will be out of the question. TGE should be differentiated from colibacillosis and from another virus diarrhoea, the aetiology of which is not precisely known. A rapid and correct diagnosis may be established by direct fluorescent antibody studies of frozen sections of the small intestine in infected piglets. When sows have been spontaneously infected, their offspring will be protected by lactogenic immunity. The presence of TGE antibodies of IgA class in the milk is required to ensure complete immunity of the piglets lasting for weeks on end. Intramuscular inoculation of a commercially available vaccine in sows will only stimulate the production of antibodies of the IgG class in the milk. These antibodies will merely afford short-lived immunity. The vaccine cannot prevent symptoms of disease from appearing in piglets following infection with virulent TGE virus but it does reduce mortality
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PMID:[Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Swine (author's transl)]. 17 23

Similar immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were obtained from porcine colodtral whey by either column or batch chromatographic procedures; a stepwise buffer elution technique was used. Specific transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralizing antibody was found in the 4 major fractions eluted comprising of IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM. The IgG1, and IgG2 were essentially homogeneous, and the IgA- AND IgM-rich fractions had to be recycled several times through Sephadex G-200 to obtain pure IgA and IgM that had specific virus neutralizing activities per mg of protein of 342.1 and 302. 4, compared with 7.6 for IgG. By a combination of the batch chromatographic procedures and gel filtration, gram amounts of specific Ig could be fractionated from the same colostrum.
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PMID:Chromatographic separation of gram quantities of immunoglobulins from porcine colostrium against transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 18 Jan 83

Cross-protection studies of gilts exposed to 4 transmissible gastroenteritis viruses--Ilinois (field strain), Miller-3, Miller low passage (M-LP), and Miller high passage (M-HP) tissue culture-adapted--indicated that only the gilt vaccinated with Illinois strain was protected, along with its newborn pigs, against challenge exposure with field virus. Similar results were obtained when the 4 viruses were incubated in vitro with colostrum from each of the 4 vaccinated gilts and subsequently used to orally inoculate newborn pigs. However, when the colostrums were used to neutralize M-HP virus in cell cultures, the neutralization titers were similar, indicating that a close antigenic relationship existed among the viruses. Neutralization studies in cell cultures, using immunoglobulin (Ig) fractions derived from colostrums of sows exposed to Illinois and M-HP virus, indicated that Illinois virus elicited more neutralizing activity in IgA than in the IgG fraction and that M-HP virus elicited more IgG than IgA antibody activity. In another study, Illinois virus was treated with these Ig-enriched fractions and then inoculated into the lumen of the jejunum of 3-day-old pigs. Anti-Illinois IgA was the only class of antibody which prevented replication of the Illinois virus in the intestine. Similar intraintestinal inoculations were used to test invasiveness of untreated Illinois and M-HP viruses. It was demonstrated that Illinois virus caused marked effect on the intestine: shortening of the villi, intestinal distension, edema, and presence of accumulated intestinal fluid within 60 hours after inoculation. The M-HP virus grew in the intestinal cells without affecting the length of the villi. The degree of invasiveness of Illinois or M-HP virus may account for the difference in the antibody class elicited in the colostrums.
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PMID:Neutralization of a transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine by colostral antibodies elicited by intestine and cell culture-propagated virus. 18 73

A live vaccine was produced using a local strain P of the virus of the transmissive gastroenteritis, arrenuated in cell cultures. The vaccinated pregnant sows had high-titer serum and colostrum virus-neutralizing antibodies. In the first days following farrowing there were in the colostrum ummunoglobulins of the Igg class that prevailed, however, IgA and IgM proved more effective in the virus-neutralizing test. Newborn pigs acquired passive immunity at about the 24th hour after the intake of colostrum. They withstood a challenge with a virulent virus.
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PMID:[Test of an attenuated viral strain of TGE as a vaccine]. 20 64

Pregnant sows were inoculated with the attenuated strain, TO--163, of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Suckling piglets born from them received challenge inoculation with the virulent virus at 3 days after birth, and examined for ability to prevent infection and the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes of antibody in milk. A pregnant sow was inoculated intramuscularly with a dose of 10(8.0) TCID50 and intranasally with a dose of 10(9.3) TCID50 of attenuated virus. Piglets born from it suffered from diarrhea after challenge inoculation, but none of them died eventually. Their dam was also affected with diarrhea for 4 to 7 days after challenge inoculation of them. Another pregnant sow was inoculated twice with 10(9.3) TCID50 of attenuated virus, first by the intramuscular and secondly by the intranasal route. Of nine piglets born from it, one excreted soft feces after challenge inoculation, but all survived to grow normally. Their dam manifested no clinical symptoms at all after challenge inoculation of them. The higher the titer of virus inoculated into pregnant sows, the higher the neutralizing antibody titer in serum and milk of the sows after farrowing. The puerperal sow which had received two doses of 10(9.3) TCID50 each of attenuated virus by the intramuscular and intranasal route, respectively, presented the highest neutralizing antibody titer of all the inoculated sows. This titer was 2,048 in serum and 14,183 in colostrum immediately after farrowing. In that sow IgG was the main class of immunoglobulins in neutralizing antibody in milk. Even the IgA antibody titer of that sow was higher than that of any other sow which had been administered with virus of low titer. It was 392 and 19 3 and 9 days, respectively, after farrowing.
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PMID:Passive immunization against transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets by ingestion of milk of sows inoculated with attenuated virus. 21 43

Colostrum from sows and gilts inoculated with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus was fractionated into the 3 major immunoglobulin classes, IgA, IgG, and IgM-IgA fractions, by chromatographic and gel-filtration procedures. Each fraction was assayed for purity with rabbit anti-porcine serum and rabbit monospecific anti-porcine IgG, anti-porcine IgA, and anti-porcine IgM. These analyses showed that the IgG and IgA fractions were pure. The IgM fraction contained some IgA in the polymeric form and was designated the IgM-IgA fraction. Each Ig was assayed for virus-neutralizing activity on swine testes cells by the plaque-reduction method before and after conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate. On the basis of activity per milligram of protein, the virus-neutralizing titers were 1:641, 1:44, and 1:6.8 for the IgA, IgG, and IgM-IgA fractions respectively; the fluorescent antibody titers were 1:31.3, 1:0.1, and 1:15.6, respectively, for the same Ig.
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PMID:Colostral IgA, IgG, and IgM-IgA fractions as fluorescent antibody for the detection of the coronavirus of transmissible gastroenteritis. 21 88

Antibodies of various immunoglobulin classes against cow's milk proteins were studied in infants and children with cow's milk protein intolerance, gluten-sensitive enteropathy and acute gastroenteritis. Their IgE, IgG, IgM and IgA antibody levels determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the IgE antibodies also determined with RAST, were compared with reference groups of children and adults. IgE, IgT or IgA antibodies against unseparated cow's milk proteins, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-casein and beta-casein were present in many of the studied samples, but did not discriminate between the individuals with and without intolerance symptoms. As a group, the infants with late reactions to cow's milk showed increased levels of IgE and IgG antibodies detected with the ELISA, while patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy had significantly increased levels of IgG and IgA antibodies of cow's milk proteins compared to the reference group. By combining the findings of antibody increases in various immunoglobulin classes, an individual discrimination could be reached. Thus, 8 of 9 of the patients with late reactions to cow's milk had increased levels of IgE or IgG + IgA antibodies as compared to 3 of 22 in the reference group. Serodiagnosis with the ELISA may, therefore, be of some use in patients with a suspicion of cow's milk protein intolerance.
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PMID:Specific antibodies in infants with gastrointestinal intolerance to cow's milk protein. 56 52

Twenty-five children with cows' milk protein intolerance were studied. Twenty had presented with an illness clinically indistinguishable from infantile gastroenteritis; an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from the stools in two children, and in six another member of the family simultaneously developed acute diarrhoea and vomiting. Twenty-three children had lactose intolerance secondary to cows' milk protein intolerance. Eight out of 20 children were found to be partially IgA deficient. An acute attack of gastroenteritis, in damaging the small mucosa, may act as a triggering mechanism in cows' milk protein intolerance, and a deficiency in IgA may be a predisposing factor in so far as it allows the patient to become sensitised to foreign protein.
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PMID:Cows' milk protein intolerance: a possible association with gastroenteritis, lactose intolerance, and IgA deficiency. 77 36


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