Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In addition to the SARS coronavirus (treated separately elsewhere in this volume), the complete genome sequences of six species in the coronavirus genus of the coronavirus family [avian infectious bronchitis virus-Beaudette strain (IBV-Beaudette), bovine coronavirus-ENT strain (BCoV-ENT), human coronavirus-229E strain (HCoV-229E), murine hepatitis virus-A59 strain (MHV-A59), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis-Purdue 115 strain (TGEV-Purdue 115), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-CV777 strain (PEDV-CV777)] have now been reported. Their lengths range from 27,317 nt for HCoV-229E to 31,357 nt for the murine hepatitis virus-A59, establishing the coronavirus genome as the largest known among RNA viruses. The basic organization of the coronavirus genome is shared with other members of the Nidovirus order (the torovirus genus, also in the family Coronaviridae, and members of the family Arteriviridae) in that the nonstructural proteins involved in proteolytic processing, genome replication, and subgenomic mRNA synthesis (transcription) (an estimated 14-16 end products for coronaviruses) are encoded within the 5'-proximal two-thirds of the genome on gene 1 and the (mostly) structural proteins are encoded within the 3'-proximal one-third of the genome (8-9 genes for coronaviruses). Genes for the major structural proteins in all coronaviruses occur in the 5' to 3' order as S, E, M, and N. The precise strategy used by coronaviruses for genome replication is not yet known, but many features have been established. This chapter focuses on some of the known features and presents some current questions regarding genome replication strategy, the cis-acting elements necessary for genome replication [as inferred from defective interfering (DI) RNA molecules], the minimum sequence requirements for autonomous replication of an RNA replicon, and the importance of gene order in genome replication.
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PMID:Coronavirus genome structure and replication. 1560 7

Scarlet fever is a rare disease in adult patients. We report a patient in whom scarlet fever was associated with hypertrophic gastritis and multiple organ failure. A 62-year-old woman presented with septic shock and multiple organ failure. Bacteriological survey was negative. Abdominal tomodensitometry showed an hypertrophic gastritis. Histological analysis demonstrated a non specific gastritis without any tumoral sign. Cefotaxime and amoxicillin led to improvement and hypertrophic gastritis progressively resolved. A sandpaper rash over the body with finger desquamation, elevation of antistreptolysin O and a recent contact with an infected grandson led to the diagnosis of scarlet fever. Due to antibiotic prescription, scarlet fever is now uncommon. Although classical, ENT or gastroenteritis presentations may be puzzling for the diagnosis of scarlet fever. As 150 years ago, diagnosis of scarlet fever is still a clinical challenge.
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PMID:[Scarlet fever with multisystem organ failure and hypertrophic gastritis]. 1880 98

A 54 year old lady presented to our institute with a history of low grade fever for one week associated with occasional loose stools, vomiting and severe malaise. Initial evaluation revealed low serum sodium. An initial diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis with secondary hyponatremia was made. Work up for infective causes of gastroenteritis was however negative. ENT evaluation and review of drug history did not contribute towards a diagnosis. The patient's symptoms persisted and did not respond to symptomatic treatment. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed cholelithiasis with no evidence of cholecystitis. Further evaluation revealed hypotonic hyponatremia with normal levels of urinary sodium excretion. With other causes of hyponatremia ruled out, an endocrinopathy was suspected as the likely culprit. Follow up hormonal studies revealed hypopituitarism and MRI of brain revealed a partially empty sella. On reviewing the case, a past history of amenorrhea immediately after the birth of her third child (almost 20 years ago!) was elicited. Intractable vomiting is quite an unusual presentation for Sheehan's syndrome, but a thorough case history coupled with a high index of suspicion can contribute towards identifying the cause among a series of confounding clinical and radiological findings, as in our case.
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PMID:An Unusual Case of Intractable Vomiting: Unravelling the Present, Through the Past! 3133 Nov 46