Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 12-year-old girl presented with weakness, diplopia, and lethargy after a prodrome of gastroenteritis. Laboratory studies were compatible with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome. She developed seizures that were controlled by diphenylhydantoin and valium. In spite of peritoneal dialysis and fresh frozen plasma infusions, she progressed to a left hemiplegia associated with a brain scan finding of decreased blood flow in the right middle cerebral artery perfusion area. A 5 liter whole blood exchange transfusion did not improve the neurological status or low platelet count. Daily plasma exchanges with fresh frozen plasma replacement resulted in normal platelet count within 48 hours and was followed by progressive improvement in neurological status. Platelet agglutinating factor decreased to control levels. A repeat brain scan was normal.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1987 Dec
PMID:Reversal of central nervous system involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome by use of plasma exchanges. 311 70

In 1983, a nutritional support team was formed at the University of Ife-Ife, Nigeria, that used high calorie enteral mixtures successfully for dietary management of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in children. PEM has several causes. Poverty is often cited, but the incidence of mild to severe PEM in children under 5 is higher in the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Egypt and Sudan with per capita gross national product (GNP) above $400 than in Sierra Leone, India, Uganda, and Kenya with GNP below this amount. The consumption of legumes and oil seeds ward off kwashiorkor and marasmus, but in countries with traditional food practices they are not consumed in adequate amounts. Beans, groundnuts, melon seeds, and soya beans are cheap and produced in African and Asian countries. In Nigeria the traditional weaning food is a thin gruel made from maize, sorghum, or millet. Milk, groundnut paste, or sugar is not added. Legumes and other oil seeds are forbidden for children because of deep-rooted cultural practices that favor tubers. Longer duration of breast feeding protects infants from kwashiorkor or marasmus, but the recent drastic change in the pattern with early introduction of artificial feeding has resulted in early appearance of kwashiorkor or gastroenteritis. Low literacy of mothers is another factor, and it inversely correlated with infant mortality. The increase in the level of female literacy and maternal education in less developed countries is a major requirement from governments if they are to combat harmful food taboos. Since Williams associated maize diets with kwashiorkor in 1933, research has show energy deficiency more perilous than protein insufficiency in the treatment and prevention of PEM in these countries.
Nutr Clin Pract 1988 Dec
PMID:Nutrition support and malnutrition in Nigeria. 314 1

The genetic information, carried on mRNA 6 of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146, was determined by sequence analysis of cDNA clones derived from the 3' end of the FIPV genome. Two ORFs were found, encoding polypeptides of 11K (ORF-1) and 22K (ORF-2). The FIPV sequence was compared to the 3' end sequence of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). ORF-1 has a homologous counterpart (ORF-X3) in the TGEV genome; both ORFs are located at the same position relative to the nucleocapsid gene. However, as a result of an in-frame insertion or deletion, ORF-1 is 69 nucleotides larger than ORF-X3. A similar event has occurred immediately downstream of ORF1: a 624-nucleotide segment, containing the complete ORF-2, is absent in the TGEV sequence. Most sequence similarity (98.5%) was found in the 3' noncoding sequences. ORF-X3 and ORF-1 are preceded by the sequence AACTAAAC, which is assumed to be the transcription-initiation signal in FIPV and TGEV (P.A. Kapke and D.A. Brian (1986) Virology 151, 41-49). By S1 nuclease analysis, the 5' end of FIPV RNA 6 was mapped immediately upstream of this sequence. A 700-nucleotide TGEV-specific RNA was found by cross-hybridization with an FIPV 3' end probe, suggesting that TGEV ORF-X3 is also carried on a separate mRNA. The differences at the 3' ends of the FIPV and TGEV genomes may be the result of RNA recombination events.
Virology 1988 Dec
PMID:Sequence analysis of the 3'-end of the feline coronavirus FIPV 79-1146 genome: comparison with the genome of porcine coronavirus TGEV reveals large insertions. 320 47

An outbreak of gastroenteritis in New York City's largest jail involved 145 cases over a two-month period. The outbreak was unusual in that two Salmonella strains (serogroups B and D) were involved. Management of the outbreak involved screening kitchen workers by culture of stool samples, and education regarding personal hygiene. Obstacles to investigation and management of the outbreak arose out of the special nature of the jail environment; these included jurisdictional problems and high turnover of the inmate population.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1988 Dec
PMID:An outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis in an urban jail. 323 7

An outbreak of gastroenteritis in a school district in the United States was determined to be staphylococcal food poisoning due to 2% chocolate milk containing staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Twelve one-half pint (approx 0.28 l) cartons of the 2% chocolate milk from this outbreak were analyzed for the quantity of SEA present in the milk. The amount of SEA in the cartons varied from 94 to 184 ng with the average being 144 ng (mean = 139 +/- 45). The attack rate for vomiting among those who consumed more than one carton was greater (38.3%) than among those who consumed only one carton (31.5%) with the highest attack rate among those who consumed three or more cartons (44.4%).
Int J Food Microbiol 1988 Dec 31
PMID:Estimation of human dose of staphylococcal enterotoxin A from a large outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning involving chocolate milk. 327 29

The usefulness of Biken Agar 2 as a source of heat-stable toxin for the suckling mouse assay was examined. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated in Bangladesh from patients with gastroenteritis found to produce heat-stable toxin (n = 152), both heat-stable and heat-labile toxin (n = 60) and not to produce heat-stable or heat-labile toxin (n = 25) by standard suckling mice assay using broth culture were tested. Sampling from Biken Agar 2 gave comparable results to those obtained using standard broth cultures. This is the first field survey of evaluation of the Biken test for sampling heat-stable toxin of E. coli. The result further clarifies the applicability of the Biken test for sampling heat-stable toxin, and the usefulness of the Biken test for detections of heat-labile and heat-stable toxin produced by E. coli.
Biken J 1986 Dec
PMID:Application of Biken test (modified Elek test) for sampling of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli isolated in Bangladesh. 330 77

A prospective study was conducted on 344 children aged from 3 months to 16 years with acute appendicitis. Most children presented with typical features of acute appendicitis (70%) or peritonitis (28%). Atypical presentation was uncommon and occurred only in seven young children, masquerading as intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis or urinary tract infection. Prolonged delay in surgery was associated with a rise in incidence of late appendicitis (gangrenous and perforated appendicitis). This rise was especially marked 37 h after onset of symptoms. The main causes of delay were inability of the parents and primary care medical practitioners to recognize the disease early. Surgeons contributed very little to the delay. High risk factors for postappendectomy sepsis were young children under 6 years old, late appendicitis, obese patients, inferior systemic antibiotic regimes and inexperienced surgeons. Young children had high postoperative sepsis mainly because of the high incidence of late appendicitis due to their inability to express their symptoms properly. They were not especially prone to postappendectomy sepsis; they had the same degree of appendicitis compared with older children. Measures to decrease the postappendectomy morbidity are suggested.
Aust N Z J Surg 1987 Dec
PMID:Acute appendicitis in children. 343 36

Over 22 million visitors attended the 1986 world exposition in Vancouver, and this had a significant impact on the local pediatric facility. A total of 559 children visited the emergency department of British Columbia's Children's Hospital with injuries or illnesses resulting from the fair. Of these, 193 (34%) had come directly from the site. The children's ages ranged from 1 1/2 months to 18 years, 4 months (mean 6.99 years). Of the 559 children 31% were not covered by medical insurance. Twenty-four of the children were admitted to the hospital, and one died at the Expo site. Most of the illnesses were upper respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis. The proportion of visits for trauma was 50%, compared with the yearly average of 25%. There was a 6% increase in the workload in the emergency department during the fair; the percentage was even higher during July and August, particularly after 1800 hours. Recommendations are made to aid with the planning of medical care for similar events.
CMAJ 1987 Dec 15
PMID:Expo '86, Vancouver: impact on British Columbia's Children's Hospital. 367 71

Nosocomial gastroenteritis in a 315-bed hospital for children was examined prospectively from January 11 through May 31, 1985. There were 85 cases of nosocomial diarrhea during the study period, and these were identified on each of the 13 hospital wards. Rotavirus was identified in 40% of cases. Incidence of nosocomial rotavirus was highest on wards where most children were less than 2 years of age, except for the infectious diseases (isolation) ward (0.24 versus 2.30 cases per 100 admissions, p = 1.70 x 10(-4), Fisher exact test). The lower incidence on the infectious diseases ward occurred despite the greater potential for exposure to rotavirus, since 70% of children admitted with community-acquired rotavirus diarrhea were placed on the infectious diseases ward. Better infection control, especially hand washing, aided by the structure of the infectious diseases ward, may have been responsible for this difference.
J Med Virol 1987 Dec
PMID:Nosocomial rotaviral diarrhea: pattern of spread on wards in a children's hospital. 369 79

Noncholera vibrio species can cause necrotizing soft tissue infections and cellulitis in addition to gastroenteritis. Cellulitis and necrotizing soft tissue infections frequently occur in people with liver disease or in people who are in some way a compromised host. We studied the effect of Vibrio vulnificus on the mortality of mice treated with carbon tetrachloride, an agent that causes liver damage, Desferal, an iron-chelating agent, or iron. The LD50 of V. vulnificus is approximately 2.5 X 10(6) CFU. In mice, desferal lowered the LD50 to less than 100 CFU, and carbon tetrachloride lowered the LD50 to approximately 1000 CFU. Twenty percent of the mice that survived had necrosis of the skin overlying the injection site. These studies demonstrate that liver damage and iron chelating agents increase mortality and necrotizing soft tissue infections caused by V. vulnificus.
J Surg Res 1987 Dec
PMID:Effect of iron and liver injury on the pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. 369 54


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