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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) is a pathogen that causes acute infantile gastroenteritis. Ad40 has the distinct characteristic of being difficult to propagate in conventional cultured human cells. The nucleotide sequence of the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) of Ad40, which includes the origin of adenoviral DNA replication, was determined using recombinant plasmid DNA. By using our newly developed program to express the ITR homologies simply, we found that the ITR of Ad40, which is 163 nucleotides long, was related most closely to that of adenovirus type 5, which replicates efficiently.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the adenovirus type 40 inverted terminal repeat: close relation to that of adenovirus type 5. 381 Dec 42

Fastidious adenovirus DNA in faecal samples obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis was extracted by a simple and rapid method. The extracted viral DNA was characterized by restriction endonuclease SmaI treatment. Fastidious adenovirus DNA was detected in 58 of 65 cases. If faecal samples were too small it was not always possible to identify virus DNA.
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PMID:A simple and rapid method for typing adenoviruses 40 and 41 without cultivation. 397 42

Faeces from 746 children less than 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis were screened for the presence of adenovirus particles or antigens by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Thirty-five samples were positive by both IEM and EIA, two only by IEM, and two only by EIA, giving a total of 39 (5.2%) samples with positive results. Of these, 25 could be propagated in HEp2 cells and were neutralized by one of the antisera to adenovirus types 1 to 18. The remaining 14 samples could be propagated only in the 293 permanent line of human cells transformed by adenovirus type 5 DNA [Graham et al, 1977] and were not neutralized by antisera to adenovirus types 1 to 31. An EIA carried out by the antibody-capture technique, using antiserum specific for "enteric" adenoviruses [Johansson et al, 1979], gave positive results with all isolates that could be propagated only in 293 cells and with none of those capable of growing in HEp2 cells.
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PMID:Adenoviruses in faeces of children with acute gastroenteritis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 397 70

Polynucleotide sequence relationships between two reference Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from Japanese and American gastroenteritis patients were investigated by use of (32)P-DNA/DNA reassociation in free solution. In addition, these strains were similarly compared with 22 other strains of estuarine and marine vibrios, including 11 strains previously identified as V. parahaemolyticus (2 Japanese, 1 of unknown location, and 8 American strains obtained from diverse geographical locations and sources in North America), 3 strains of V. alginolyticus, and 8 of Vibrio spp. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the Japanese and American gastroenteritis isolates showed high relative levels of intraspecific duplex formation (92 to 93%) when reassociated, reciprocally, at 60 C. Heterologous DNA duplexes exhibited thermal elution midpoint [Tm(e)] values comparable to those obtained from homologous duplexes (88.0) when thermally eluted from hydroxyapatite, thus indicating high base-pair complementarity. Other V. parahaemolyticus strains showed DNA homologies of 85% or greater, with correspondingly high Tm(e) values (86.0 to 88.0) for the heteroduplexes formed. DNA of two of three V. alginolyticus strains (ATCC 17749 and 166-70) was 55 to 60% homologous to reference V. parahaemolyticus DNA preparations; Vibrio sp. strain 5144 (originally classified as V. parahaemolyticus biotype 2 and subsequently as V. alginolyticus strain 5144) showed only 24 to 26% DNA homology to the same reference DNA. These data provide evidence that Vibrio sp. strain 5144 is genetically distinct from the other V. alginolyticus strains used in this study. Three bioluminescent strains thought to be closely related to V. parahaemolyticus demonstrated only 24 to 31% DNA homology to the reference V. parahaemolyticus DNA. These data firmly establish the existence in some Atlantic and Gulf Coast estuaries of organisms genetically very similar to V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of "shirasu" food poisoning in Japan.
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PMID:Polynucleotide sequence relationships among Japanese and American strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 471 74

In a prospective 1-year study of acute infantile gastroenteritis, adenoviruses were detected in the stools or by seroconversions, or both, in 56 of 416 (13.5%) ill children. By use of DNA restriction enzyme analysis, enzyme immunoassay, and culture techniques, 33 of 56 (59%) adenovirus specimens were identified as enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 (Ad40 and Ad41). They were found as the sole recognizable cause of diarrhea in 30 of 416 (7.2%) ill children and in 0 of 200 controls. Three additional ill children had enteric adenoviruses as a part of a dual infection. Evidence for established adenoviruses (Ad1 through Ad39) in gastroenteritis was found in 15 of 416 (3.6%) ill children but also in 3 of 200 (1.5%) controls. Eight adenovirus specimens remained untyped. Seroconversions were demonstrated in 17 of 18 (94%) paired serum samples from patients shedding enteric adenoviruses. The predominant symptom of infections with enteric adenoviruses was diarrhea, with a mean duration of 8.6 days (Ad40) and 12.2 days (Ad41). One-third of the children with Ad41 infections had prolonged symptoms (greater than or equal to 14 days). The frequency of respiratory symptoms was low (21%). The established adenoviruses presented a different clinical picture, characterized by diarrhea of shorter duration, higher fever, and significantly increased occurrence of respiratory symptoms (79%). In conclusion, enteric adenoviruses appear to be an important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis, second only to rotaviruses in this study.
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PMID:Importance of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 in acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. 609 24

Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from patients and foods incriminated in 4 incidents of gastroenteritis, as well as a strain from a healty carrier were analyzed for plasmids. Large plasmids were found in a Kanagawa phenomenon positive (KP+) patient isolate from Louisiana of 04:K8 serotype but not in KP+ patient isolates of 2 other serotypes from the same outbreak. Small plasmids in the molecular weight range of 5 to 9 Mdal were found in 4 other strains isolated in Bangkok, Africa and the United States. The small plasmids did not share a high degree of molecular relatedness as indicated by dissimilarity in restriction enzyme patterns. However, DNA probe hybridization of restriction digests revealed some partial DNA sequence homologies. The presence of plasmids in the 11 strains examined did not correlate with the Kanagawa phenomenon, antibiotic resistance or production urease.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of small plasmids in strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 609 52

Recombinant DNA technology appears to be on the verge of producing safe and effective protein vaccines for animal and human diseases. The procedure is applicable to most viruses because their isolated surface proteins generally possess immunogenic activity. Strategies used for the preparation and cloning of the appropriate genes depend on the characteristics of the viral genomes: whether DNA or RNA; their size, strandedness, and segmentation; and whether messenger RNA are monocistronic or polycistronic. Cloned surface proteins of foot-and-mouth disease and hepatitis B viruses are being tested for possible use as practical vaccines. Two doses of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease viral protein have elicited large amounts of neutralizing antibody and have protected cattle and swine against challenge exposure with the virus. Surface proteins have also been cloned for the viruses of fowl plague, influenza, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, and herpes simplex. Cloning is in progress for surface proteins of viruses causing canine parvovirus gastroenteritis, human papillomas, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Rift Valley fever, and paramyxovirus diseases. In addition, advances in recombinant DNA and other facilitating technologies have rekindled interest in the chemical synthesis of polypeptide vaccines for viral diseases. The bioengineering of bacterial vaccines is also under way. Proteinaceous pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are being produced in E coli K-12 strains for use as vaccines against neonatal diarrheal diseases of livestock.
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PMID:Recombinant DNA technology for the preparation of subunit vaccines. 612 35

Genetic and antigenic characterisation was performed on a strain of adenovirus (EAd) isolated from an outbreak of gastroenteritis which occurred in an orphanage in the City of Sapporo, in the room housing the eldest children, who ranged in age from 14 to 22 months. 7 of the 11 children housed in that room had diarrhoea between July 11 and July 22, 1982. All 7 shed adenoviruses detectable by electron microscopy in their stools. Immune electron microscopy showed that all patients as well as the healthy contacts sharing the room underwent seroconversion to EAd. There was no homology, or very slight homology, between DNA of EAd and those of adenoviruses belonging to subgroups A to E. Antigenically EAd was closely related to type 40 adenovirus, so far the sole member of the newly identified subgroup F. This outbreak of gastroenteritis is the first in which the causative agent has been identified as being a member of subgroup F adenoviruses.
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PMID:Outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis due to type 40 adenovirus. 613 13

Fastidious enteric adenovirus have recently been recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Their inability to grow in vitro has hampered classification by conventional methods. With modern immunological and chemical techniques the enteric adenoviruses have been shown to be distinct from the 39 established human adenovirus serotypes. In a prospective study of the viral, bacterial and parasitic aetiology of acute gastroenteritis 410 children and 205 age-matched controls were studied. An enteropathogenic agent was detected in 67% of the diarrhoeic patients and 57% were of viral origin. Rotavirus was the major agent found in 43% of the patients whereas adenovirus was found in 13%. Of the 50 adenovirus specimens, so far fully characterized by electron microscopy, ELISA-assays, DNA-restriction analysis and isolation studies 70% were identified as enteric adenoviruses. Two serotypes, adeno 40 and 41, were detected representing the new subgroups F and G. Twelve of 17 paired serum specimens, from children with enteric adenovirus showed a significant rise in hemagglutination inhibition titers. Infection with enteric adenoviruses showed 2 small seasonal peaks in summer and late winter. Infection occurred early in life, 85% of the children aged less than 3 years. Diarrhoea was the main symptom with an average duration of 9 days. Adenovirus type 41 seemed to cause diarrhoea of longer duration. Fever and vomiting was mild with a mean of 2 days. Respiratory symptoms occurred in 20% of the cases. The incubation period could be estimated as 7 days. Virus was excreted for 10-14 days.
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PMID:Two new serotypes of enteric adenovirus causing infantile diarrhoea. 630 84

We have studied the DNAs of fastidious enteric adenoviruses recovered from the stools of infants with gastroenteritis. By endonuclease analysis, the strains examined represent candidate adenovirus types 40 and 41, which are thought to comprise new adenovirus subgroups F and G. Cloning of DNA from representative enteric adenovirus isolates, together with hybridization and subcleavage analysis, permitted the mapping of restriction enzyme cleavage sites. Although the restriction profiles are different for the two strains, they appear to have several cleavage sites in common. Cross hybridization studies show considerable homology between the subgroup F and G strains but much less homology to adenovirus 2. In addition, regions on both ends of enteric adenovirus genomes (map units, 2.9 to 11.3 and 75 to 100) possess little or no homology to adenovirus 2. Restriction enzyme digests reveal submolar fragments that map to the terminal regions of the genome. Electron micrographic studies of denatured and renatured DNA strands suggest that the submolar fragments may derive from cleavage of defective molecules. Inverted terminal repeat sequences were shown to comprise 0 to 3.2% of the length of complete (greater than or equal to 22 megadaltons) enteric adenovirus DNA molecules but 4 to 69% of incomplete-length (less than 22-megadalton) molecules.
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PMID:Cloning and physical mapping of enteric adenoviruses (candidate types 40 and 41). 632 32


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