Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four groups of 8 parasite-naive Dorset-crossbred lambs, 3-4 months old, were turned out on infected pasture on 2 May and allocated to 4 separate paddocks. From May to September, 2 groups received Duddingtonia flagrans (10(6) chlamydospores per kg body weight per lamb per day) mixed in 100 g of barley, while the other 2 groups received barley only. All groups remained set-stocked until slaughter for worm counts on 10 October. In late June, all lambs were treated with fenbendazole due to severe parasitic gastroenteritis in all groups. The faecal egg counts were comparable for the 2 treatments throughout the grazing period. Larval development of Ostertagia/Trichostrongylus spp. in faecal cultures was 1-28% in the fungi-fed groups compared with 60-80% in the untreated groups (P < 0.05). In September, pasture larval counts of Ostertagia/Trichostrongylus were 930 and 4400 L3 kg-1 on paddocks of fungi-fed and untreated groups, respectively. Corresponding figures for Nematodirus spp. were 7200 and 11600 L3 kg-1, respectively. At slaughter, the number of immature Ostertagia spp. was 62% lower in the fungi-fed groups compared with the untreated groups (P < 0.05). Four parasite-free lambs were introduced to each paddock during the period 3-23 October and slaughtered for worm counts after 3 weeks of housing. The total worm burden of tracers on paddocks previously grazed by fungi-fed lambs was reduced 86% (P < 0.05; geometric means) compared with control groups, while significant reductions were also seen in abomasal worm counts (68%; P < 0.05), N. spathiger (98%; P < 0.05) and for N. battus (97%; P < 0.01). It is concluded that dosing sheep with D. flagrans while grazing may limit the build up of pasture contamination in the late grazing season and subsequently limit the intake of larvae in sheep.
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PMID:The preventive effect of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on trichostrongyle infections of lambs on pasture. 929 9

Seafood has frequently been associated with foodborne illness because pathogens are easily introduced during seafood cultivation, handling, and processing. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae are human pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and cholera, respectively, and Vibrio vulnificus can cause fatal wound infections and septicemia. However, information about the occurrence of these pathogens in oysters from the Pacific coast of Mexico is limited to V. parahaemolyticus. In the present study, we evaluated the presence and abundance of these three Vibrio species in 68 raw oysters (Crassostrea corteziensis) obtained from retail seafood markets in Sinaloa, Mexico. The most probable number (MPN)-PCR assay was used for amplification of the tlh (thermolabile hemolysin), ompW (outer membrane protein), and vvhA (hemolytic cytolysin) genes that are specific to V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus, respectively. All oyster samples were positive for at least one Vibrio species. V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus prevalences were 77.9, 8.8, and 32.3% overall, respectively, and most species were present in all sample periods with increased prevalence in period 3. The tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) gene was detected in 30.1%, trh (TDH-related hemolysin) was detected in 3.7%, and tdh/trh was detected in 7.5% of the total tlh-positive samples (53 of 68), whereas the pandemic serotype O3:K6 (orf8 positive) was detected in only 1 sample (1.8%). The total prevalence of tdh and/or trh was 41.5%. In none of the samples positive for V. cholerae were the cholera toxin (ctxA) and cholix (chxA) toxigenic genes or the rfb gene encoding the O1 and O139 antigens amplified, suggesting the presence of non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae strains. Our results clearly indicated a high prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in raw oysters from retail seafood markets in Mexico. Consumption of these raw oysters carries the potential risk of foodborne illness, which can be limited by cooking.
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PMID:Occurrence and Abundance of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Raw Oysters at Retail Seafood Markets in Northwestern Mexico. 3172 80