Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enteric virus infections were studied in two children with congenital T-cell immunodeficiency. One patient (LC) with cartilage hair hypoplasia developed persistent diarrhea and malabsorption following acute gastroenteritis. Electron microscope (EM) examination of feces revealed excretion of rotavirus for more than 450 days with concurrent astrovirus infection for at least 225 days, associated with the persistent diarrhea. Prolonged infection with poliovirus type 2 following vaccination had previously been noted in this patient. The second patient (DT), with the CHARGE association and DiGeorge syndrome, had two episodes of loose stools. EM of fecal extracts demonstrated rotavirus excretion for at least 66 days following the initial episode. Virus-specific immune responses were assayed in these two patients. LC showed a poor serum neutralizing antibody response to polio vaccination, no detectable antibody response (by immune EM and ELISA) to rotavirus, and no detectable antibody response to astrovirus (by immune EM). Rotavirus specific cell mediated immunity was also not detectable. DT showed no detectable serum antibody response to rotavirus (by ELISA). Rotavirus isolates from both patients were found to be group A viruses and were further analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Atypical genome profiles, with multiple additional bands between segments 3-7 of the normal rotavirus profile, were obtained throughout the course of each illness, including the earliest specimens available (day 41, LC; day 7, DT). These results indicate that chronic virus infection of the gut can occur in patients with T-cell immunodeficiency. Such chronic infection may be associated with persistent diarrhea and can cause considerable problems of management.
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PMID:Chronic enteric virus infection in two T-cell immunodeficient children. 283 34

Rearing early weaned piglets artificially for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the sow is an attractive management concept. However, high death losses resulting from diarrhea in artificially reared piglets have dampered enthusiasm for early weaning. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and rotavirus are the three main enteropathogens responsible for causing the diarrhea. The enteropathogens infect the small intestine, which produces a secretory or malabsorptive diarrhea. In nature, the nursing piglet is protected from the enteropathogens by antibody bathing his gut. The source of the antibody is the dam's colostrum and milk. It should be possible to protect artificially reared, early weaned piglets from enteropathogens by feeding them diets that contain antibodies to putative enteropathogens.
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PMID:Diarrhea: the nemesis of the artificially reared, early weaned piglet and a strategy for defense. 302 7

Increased gut permeability to macromolecules is thought to be an important factor in the development of food hypersensitivity. The latter can develop in the course of acute gastroenteritis and could play a role in infantile eczema. We studied gut permeability in 10 normal adults, 11 control children, 7 children with acute gastroenteritis, and 8 patients with infantile eczema, making use of [51Cr]EDTA as probe molecule. [51Cr]EDTA was given orally (50-100 microCi); 24-h urinary excretion of [51Cr]EDTA was measured and expressed as a percentage of the oral dose. Mean and standard error were 2.35 +/- 0.24, 2.51 +/- 0.21, 9.96 +/- 3.44, and 10.90 +/- 2.05 in normal adults, control children, and gastroenteritis and eczema patients, respectively. Differences between controls and either gastroenteritis (p less than 0.001) or eczema (p less than 0.001) patients are significant. Our results support the hypothesis that increased gut permeability could play a role in food hypersensitivity.
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PMID:Permeability of the small intestine to [51Cr]EDTA in children with acute gastroenteritis or eczema. 392 81

We have reviewed 53 cases of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children, including 15 with principal effects in the rectum (allergic proctitis) and 38 with dominant involvement of the upper and mid portions of the gut (allergic gastroenteritis). Most cases of allergic proctitis had their onset at less than 6 months of age, and all were under 2 years old when they presented with rectal bleeding alone or in combination with diarrhea. Rectal mucosal biopsy revealed in most cases a diffuse increase of eosinophils in the lamina propria together with a focal infiltration of the epithelium by eosinophils. Cases of allergic gastroenteritis affected all age groups and had a lower frequency of overt rectal bleeding. More common were other symptoms (vomiting, pain, and weight loss), an allergic history, anemia, blood eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE. Mucosal biopsy abnormalities were present in the gastric antrum in all cases sampled, the small intestine in 79%, the esophagus in 60%, and the gastric corpus in 52%. The lesions were usually diffuse and marked in the antrum and esophagus; in contrast, they tended to be focal and mild in the small intestine and gastric corpus. All cases of proctitis responded to a dietary change by cessation of symptoms without recurrences, whereas most of those with gastroenteritis had multiple relapses and required corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:Allergic proctitis and gastroenteritis in children. Clinical and mucosal biopsy features in 53 cases. 395 38

We studied 3-wk-old piglets 40 h after experimental infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus to identify the mechanisms of diarrhea in this disease and to better understand infectious diarrhea in humans. Using continuous segmental marker perfusion in four regions along the gut, we found significant increases in net intraluminal accumulation of water and electrolytes only in the proximal jejunum, the region infected by the virus. In this jejunal segment studied in vivo, unidirectional sodium flux, extracellular fluid (ECF) to lumen, significantly increased, lumen to ECF significantly decreased, compared with matchfed littermates. The standard perfusate rendered hypertonic by adding mannitol (450 mosmol/kg), in the same segment of normal pigs, caused only an increase in ECF to lumen flux of sodium. TGE did not alter gross villous structure or intraluminal bacteria, bile salts, lactate, pH, or osmolality. Epithelial cell migration was accelerated in the jejunum of infected pigs. Isolated in suspension, these cells from TGE pigs exhibited increased active and passive sodium efflux, cells from mannitol-perfused pigs exhibited only increased active sodium efflux. In this viral enteritis, altered sodium transport occurring in the jejunum, the region of the intestine infected appears to be associated with defective epithelial cell function. The precise nature of the abnormalities in sodium transport, their relationship to disturbances of transport of other solutes, and to virus epithelial cell interaction remain to be defined.
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PMID:Transmissible gastroenteritis. Mechanisms responsible for diarrhea in an acute viral enteritis in piglets. 482 28

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection and quantification of serum antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in swine. Sera from pigs inoculated with cell culture-origin TGEV or gut-origin TGEV were tested for anti-TGEV antibody by ELISA and by serum virus-neutralization test (NT). The ELISA detected antibody 3 days (av) sooner than did the NT when sera from pigs inoculated with cell culture-origin TGEV were tested and 1 day sooner than did the NT when sera from pigs inoculated with gut-origin TGEV were tested. The ELISA appeared to be more sensitive than the NT, since ELISA was more responsive to low-level antibody and ELISA titers exceeded NT titers.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus antibody in swine sera. 608 25

Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) was quantitated using the Mancini technique in the nasal washings of children with acute gastroenteritis and in children with kwashiorkor but without gut symptoms. The total immunoglobulin was expressed as a percentage of total protein in nasal secretion measured by biuret method. The IgA level was slightly lower in the kwashiorkor group than in the control group, and there was no statistical difference between IgA level in the acute gastroenteritis and the control group. An explanation for these observations is offered.
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PMID:Secretory IgA in nasal secretions of children with acute gastroenteritis and kwashiorkor. 619 30

Rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are enteropathogens each capable of inducing diarrhoea in some animal species and man. Unstressed young animals develop an age-related resistance to infection with either rotavirus or ETEC which differs for each animal species. The effects of experimental infection of calves, lambs, foals and piglets with rotavirus and ETEC given either alone or in combination, have been examined. In general, dual infections tended to lengthen the period of age susceptibility and increase the severity of gastroenteritis, compared to infection with either agent alone. ETEC caused little or no pathological changes in the small intestine while rotavirus induced moderate inflammatory, morphological and physiological changes including reduced activity of membrane-bound digestive enzymes. In dual infections, mucosal lesions were more severe than those seen after rotavirus infection and ETEC proliferation in the lumen of the small intestine was greater than in animals infected with ETEC alone. Two distinct mechanisms of diarrhoea, presumably, were involved; net fluid hypersecretion into the lumen of the gut mediated by ETEC enterotoxin(s), and brush border maldigestion and malabsorption which was caused by rotavirus infection of the small intestine.
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PMID:The clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of enteritis associated with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in domestic animals. 636 57

Campylobacter jejuni has recently been recognized as an important cause of human gastroenteritis in many countries. The clinical features of C. jejuni infections vary from those of a mild gastroenteritis to a severe enterocolitis. The most common symptoms of the disease are fever, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea. The small intestine is the main site of infection, but the colon may also be involved. The main pathogenesis of C. jejuni appears to be invasion of the wall of the gut as in salmonellosis. Isolation of the organism from faeces requires culture in a selective medium containing antibiotics and incubation under reduced oxygen tension at 42 degrees C. Most cases of campylobacter enteritis are sporadic and it is often difficult to confirm their source. Although cross infection between humans occurs rarely, the disease is mainly a zoonosis with many possible routes of infection. Human infections have been associated with the consumption of contaminated food, especially poultry, unpasteurized milk, and water, as well as contact with domestic animals such as dogs and cats. In most cases campylobacter enteritis is a selflimiting disease and therefore decision on treatment should be taken on clinical grounds. When considered necessary, erythromycin is the drug of choice. Information about C. jejuni infection has accumulated rapidly in recent years, but much remains to be learned, especially about its epidemiology.
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PMID:Campylobacter jejuni enteritis; a review. 639 Aug 86

Four silver-silver chloride electrodes were surgically implanted at 5-cm intervals on the jejunal serosa of 7 neonatal pigs. Daily recordings, 7 h in duration, were made from each piglet beginning 3 days after surgery. Characteristic migrating motility complexes and short, distinct (2.5-5.0 s), rapidly aboral migrating bursts of intense spike activity ("migrating action potential complexes") were seen in all preinfection recordings. Piglets were inoculated with a 1-ml oral dose of a 0.1% gut suspension from coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infected pigs. This resulted in inappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea, most marked on the second day postinfection, but which had abated by the third day. When compared to recordings from both fed and fasted noninfected (control) animals, infection significantly altered jejunal myoelectrical activity by (a) shortening the duration of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and prolonging it on day 2, (b) increasing the number of abnormal activity fronts, and (c) decreasing the number of migrating action potential complexes. Slow wave frequency and the duration of phase 3 of the migrating motility complex were unaffected. When compared to fed control animals, infected piglets also showed a slight shortening of phase 1 of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and a prolongation on days 2 and 3, as well as a shortening of phase 2 on the second and third days postinfection. Changes in myoelectrical activity were not solely due to decreases in food intake, as abnormalities persisted when food intake returned to normal on postinfection day 3, and disruption of the activity front and migrating motility complex duration were purely transmissible-gastroenteritis-virus-induced phenomena. These findings suggest that infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus disrupts organized propulsive activity in the jejunum of the neonatal pig.
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PMID:Influence of coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infection on jejunal myoelectrical activity of the neonatal pig. 673 81


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