Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method was developed for the purification of rotavirus RNA from fecal extracts in order to permit the sensitive identification of group A rotavirus in fecal specimens by the polymerase chain reaction. Sequential reactions with reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase with directed primers from rotavirus gene 6 yielded characteristic 259-base-pair fragments that were then visualized by silver stain on a polyacrylamide gel. As few as 500 genomic copies of purified rotavirus RNA could be detected in this manner. However, when the method was applied to fecal samples with added rotavirus virions, inhibition was noted in many of the fecal extracts which were tested. The inhibition could be reversed by dilution of the fecal extract, but sensitivity was also reduced by a corresponding dilutional factor. The inhibition was quantitatively removed by an added step in the extraction process that utilized chromatographic cellulose fiber powder (CF11 powder) to purify the rotavirus RNA during a series of rapid washing and elution steps. After CF11 purification, rotavirus RNA could be detected in experimental fecal samples at dilutions 1,000- to 10,000-fold beyond the detection limits of standard techniques such as enzyme immunoassay and the direct visualization of RNA following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, following purification by CF11, rotavirus RNA could be detected in all of seven enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive fecal samples obtained from a child with rotavirus gastroenteritis; when CF11 purification was not performed, rotavirus RNA could be detected in only four of these samples, even after the removal of inhibitors by dilution of the extracts. Large-scale identification of rotavirus in fecal specimens may be possible by use of CF11 purification of viral RNA prior to sequential reactions with reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase in a modified polymerase chain reaction.
 ...
PMID:Removal of inhibitory substances from human fecal specimens for detection of group A rotaviruses by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reactions. 169 83

The results of RNA analysis for the detection of rotavirus were compared with those of a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electron microscopy using 212 faecal specimens obtained from 200 children with gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was extracted directly from faecal specimens and RNA segments were made visible by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a silver staining technique. Of the 212 faecal specimens 137 were found to be positive in ELISA, 125 in RNA analysis and 121 in both methods. Forty-nine of the 212 specimens were also investigated by electron microscopy. Thirty-five were positive when examined by electron microscopy, 37 were positive in ELISA and 33 in RNA analysis. RNA analysis of 119 faecal samples in outbreaks and sporadic cases of rotavirus infection yielded 42 different rotavirus electrophoretypes. The results indicated that no one method was sufficient to detect all positive specimens and that RNA analysis is useful in epidemiological studies.
 ...
PMID:Detection of human rotavirus by nucleic acid analysis in comparison to enzyme-linked immunoassay and electron microscopy. 258 Jul 4

The molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections was studied in children with acute gastroenteritis in Uppsala, Sweden, during 1981. Altogether 118 virus strains were investigated by analysis of the RNA migration pattern in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Six different electropherotypes were seen: two with "short" and four with "long" RNA migration patterns. Forty-two strains (36%) exhibited "short" patterns. The seasonal distribution showed that strains with "long" and "short" RNA patterns cocirculated in equal frequency during the first seven months of the year, until the predominant "short" RNA electropherotype suddenly disappeared. More than 11 RNA segments were seen in two stool specimens. A complete correlation was found between the electrophoretic migration of segments 10 and 11 and the serological defined subgroup specificity.
 ...
PMID:Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections in Uppsala, Sweden, 1981: disappearance of a predominant electropherotype. 300 84

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in a kibbutz in southern Israel, characterized by diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain, involved 32 kibbutz members of all ages. Nineteen percent of the children and 3.5% of the adults were ill. Transmission of the illness occurred in direct proportion to the degree of close contact, involving first infants, then mothers and nursery staff, and only later youngsters, adolescents, and fathers. Stool samples obtained from 32 kibbutz members with clinical illness and from 44 asymptomatic close contacts were examined for the presence of rotavirus antigen. Fifty-six percent of symptomatic members were positive for rotavirus antigen as compared with 4.5% of asymptomatic close contacts. Positivity of stool samples correlated inversely with the number of days elapsed after onset of illness until the sample was obtained. Serologic studies carried out on acute and convalescent sera of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects further supported a rotavirus etiology for the outbreak. RNA profiles of stool sample extracts obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining indicate that one electropherotype may have been responsible for the outbreak.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of infants, children, and adults in a rotavirus gastroenteritis outbreak in a kibbutz in southern Israel. 301 79

In the Melut-area 120 infants and young children (100%) (average estimated age 6 months) suffering from acute gastroenteritis were treated according to degree of dehydration and state of consciousness. Comatous patients and patients with life-threatening dehydration (= 25% of the patients) were given physiological NaCl-solution (15 ml/kg b. w.) intravenously and subsequently 2 to 4 courses with glucose electrolyte solution administered as a continuous drip-infusion via a nasogastric tube (CNGI) until the patient shed urine. Moderately dehydrated patients (35%) were treated by one or several CNGI only and therapy was then continued at home. Patients with mild dehydration (40%) were usually treated at home. Because of the bad quality and the microbiological contamination of the drinking-water which was the only source available for preparing the rehydration solution a chlorine-free disinfectant based on silver was used for water disinfection and preservation. Only solutions prepared in such water were used for both home-treatment and CNGI. In the 120 patients with treated diarrhea during a 7 months period 4 died. The rate of relapses, however, could not be established.
 ...
PMID:[Oral rehydration by nasogastric tube using continuously sterilized water in infants with diarrhea in South Sudan (the Upper Nile area, Melut)]. 408 Apr 6

Detection of rotavirus RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) proved to be a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic test. A comparison of this assay with immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 245 faeces from children with gastroenteritis revealed complete agreement between the three assays in 238 (97.14%) samples. Among 75 samples positive in at least one of the three assays, negative results were observed in 5 (6.48%) by PAGE, in 6 (6.76%) by EIA and in none by IEM. Silver staining greatly increased the sensitivity of the PAGE assay. We conclude that although IEM remains the most sensitive and rapid rotavirus diagnostic assay, the PAGE technique has many advantages in its favour, including the non-requirement of expensive equipment, the use of only chemically defined reagents and the capacity to distinguish virus subgroup and variants and to detect non-crossreactive rotaviruses which are missed in serological assays.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection in children. 608 48

Rotaviruses isolated from 22 patients during a local outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis in October/November 1981 were genotyped by establishing their RNA migration patterns on polyacrylamide gels. A highly sensitive silver staining procedure was used to visualize the RNAs. It was found that strains with at least four different RNA patterns cocirculated and also showed serological differences.
 ...
PMID:Cocirculation of different rotavirus strains in a local outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis: monitoring by rapid and sensitive nucleic acid analysis. 630 Mar 17

Four silver-silver chloride electrodes were surgically implanted at 5-cm intervals on the jejunal serosa of 7 neonatal pigs. Daily recordings, 7 h in duration, were made from each piglet beginning 3 days after surgery. Characteristic migrating motility complexes and short, distinct (2.5-5.0 s), rapidly aboral migrating bursts of intense spike activity ("migrating action potential complexes") were seen in all preinfection recordings. Piglets were inoculated with a 1-ml oral dose of a 0.1% gut suspension from coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infected pigs. This resulted in inappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea, most marked on the second day postinfection, but which had abated by the third day. When compared to recordings from both fed and fasted noninfected (control) animals, infection significantly altered jejunal myoelectrical activity by (a) shortening the duration of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and prolonging it on day 2, (b) increasing the number of abnormal activity fronts, and (c) decreasing the number of migrating action potential complexes. Slow wave frequency and the duration of phase 3 of the migrating motility complex were unaffected. When compared to fed control animals, infected piglets also showed a slight shortening of phase 1 of the migrating motility complex on day 1 postinfection and a prolongation on days 2 and 3, as well as a shortening of phase 2 on the second and third days postinfection. Changes in myoelectrical activity were not solely due to decreases in food intake, as abnormalities persisted when food intake returned to normal on postinfection day 3, and disruption of the activity front and migrating motility complex duration were purely transmissible-gastroenteritis-virus-induced phenomena. These findings suggest that infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus disrupts organized propulsive activity in the jejunum of the neonatal pig.
 ...
PMID:Influence of coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis) infection on jejunal myoelectrical activity of the neonatal pig. 673 81

Protein A-gold (PAG) and a primary porcine antiserum were used in immunogold silver staining (IGSS) for the detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of small intestine originating from infected pigs. Immunogold electron microscopy was used to evaluate the reactivity of the prepared PAG marker with the specific porcine TGEV antiserum. Gold particles were closely associated with single virions and immune aggregates of TGEV. When IGSS, using PAG as the marker, was applied to tissue sections, dark staining of TGEV-infected villous enterocytes was observed. Background was low, allowing good visualization by light microscopy of the distribution of viral antigen. Two other gold conjugates, protein A/G-gold (PA/GG) and protein G-gold (PGG), were tested in IGSS. The labeling with PA/GG was comparable to that obtained with PAG. However, no staining was observed when PGG was used. The use of IGSS and PAG offers advantages and may represent a useful technique for the detection of other viral pathogens.
 ...
PMID:The application of immunogold silver staining (IGSS) for the detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in fixed tissues. 838 99

Rotaviruses were detected using ELISA and latex agglutination, in 210 of 826 (25.4%) stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis between October 1984 and August 1990. In 82 of the 85 specimens (96%), Rotavirus specific RNA pattern was detected with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. In 44 of the 56 strains with long migration pattern, 20 different electropherotypes and in 25 of the 26 strains with short migration pattern, 9 different electropherotypes were seen, respectively. Of the remaining strains, 3 were accepted as having mixed RNA pattern since 15 or 16 bands were detected in electrophoresis and 2 strains (one from long; one from short migration pattern) showed an extra RNA band.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiology of rotavirus infantile diarrhea in Istanbul using virus genome RNA electrophoresis]. 838 85


1 2 3 Next >>