Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The majority of gastrointestinal infections due to "thermophilic" Campylobacter is self limiting and does not need antibiotic treatment. Anyhow there are some serious cases (sepsis, persistent and relapsing gastroenteritis, severe immunodeficient patients) which require appropriate therapy. The susceptibility of 15 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and of 1 strain of C. coli, isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis, has been studied against 12 antibiotics with the broth microdilution method at two different inocula (10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml and 10(7)-10(8) CFU/ml), and with the standard agar disk diffusion test, modified to allow sensitivity testing of Campylobacter. For each antibiotic, the geometric mean of MIC and of MBC and the concentrations of the various drugs needed for inhibition and killing of 50 and 90% of the strains (MIC-MBC50 and MIC-MBC90 respectively) have been calculated. Finally the percentage of resistant strains and the percentage of tolerant strains (ratio MBC/MIC: greater than or equal to 32) at low and high inoculum was determined. Erythromycin and aminoglycosides resulted the most active antibiotics against Campylobacter, being bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic at both low and high inoculum. Among the beta-lactams, cefotaxime was the most active, followed by piperacillin and ampicillin. Ceftazidime, aztreonam and rifampin were inactive. Ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and tetracyclines showed some activity against Campylobacter at low inoculum. The agar disk diffusion method cannot be used for the "routinary" assay of susceptibility of Campylobacter, because it is a "naggy" microaerophilic organism.
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PMID:[Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, resistance and tolerance of 16 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter to 12 antibiotic drugs]. 345 49

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 31 children. Of the 25 confirmed bacterial infections, 23 were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy rate, 92%). CAZ was assessed as effective in acute pharyngitis with vomiting (4), acute laryngitis (1), pneumonia (8), urinary tract infections (5), acute gastroenteritis (1), infection accompanying acute leukemia (septicemia suspected) (1), acute purulent meningitis (2) and abscess of the lateral cervical cyst (1). The main pathogens which responded to CAZ were H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. As adverse events, mild melena with prolonged prothrombin time (1) was found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-life of the CAZ serum level was 0.97 +/- 0.10 hours, and urinary excretion was high. Penetration into the CSF in 2 cases of acute purulent meningitis was satisfactory. The data suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in children with infections of CAZ-susceptible bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 637 50

The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in 300 beef meat samples collected from cattle carcasses of different categories (young bulls, culled heifers and culled cows). The detection of Salmonella spp. was performed by the alternative VIDAS Easy Salmonella technique and confirmed by PCR using Salmonella specific primers. Salmonella serotypes were determined by slide agglutination tests. The resistance to 12 antibiotics was determined by the diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar antibiotic discs. The overall contamination rate of beef by Salmonella spp. was 5.7% (17/300). This rate varied from naught (0/100) in bulls' meat to 14% (14/100) in culled cows' meat (p<0.001). The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was higher in summer and in cattle with digestive disorders: chronic gastroenteritis (6/17), traumatic peritonitis (3/17) and intestinal obstruction (2/17) (p<0.0001). Of the 17 Salmonella isolates, 6 serotypes were identified, namely Salmonella Montevideo (8/17), Salmonella Anatum (3/17), Salmonella Minnesota (2/17), Salmonella Amsterdam (2/17), Salmonella Kentucky (1/17) and Salmonella Brandenburg (1/17) (p<0.05). Unlike other serotypes, S. Montevideo was present during the whole year except winter. Almost all of the strains (16/17) were resistant to at least one of the 12 tested antibiotics. Multidrug-resistance concerned 14/17 of the strains, including Amoxicillin (13/17), Tetracycline (12/17), Streptomycin (10/17) and Nalidixic acid (6/17). All the strains were sensitive to the association (Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid), Cefoxitin and Ceftazidime. In addition, our study showed that all Salmonella strains (17) were positive for invasion gene invA and negative for the virulence gene spvC. Only one isolate (S. Kentucky) harbored the h-li virulence gene.
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PMID:Prevalence, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. strains, isolated from beef in Greater Tunis (Tunisia). 2718 40