Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of antibodies to two influenza viruses of the type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and to a porcine respiratory coronavirus was investigated in a study lasting a year. 735 blood serum samples were collected from 79 closed pig fattening farms in the province Segovia (Spain). Hemagglutination inhibition was used with influenza viruses. The percentage of positive results was 78.5% and 62.5% respectively for the serotypes H1N1 and H3N2. A clear reduction in the spread of antibodies was observed in the autumn. The ELISA technique was used with the porcine respiratory coronavirus. As antigen we used the antigenically related transmissible porcine gastroenteritis virus. Using this technique 87% of the sera were positive. Some of these sera with representative ELISA values were confirmed by means of serum neutralisation and radioimmune precipitation of the viral proteins. The incidence of these antibodies remained unchanged over the whole year of the investigation.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1989 Sep
PMID:[The prevalence of antibodies to influenza virus and respiratory coronavirus in fattening pigs in Spain]. 255 24

102 children with acute gastroenteritis were thought by the admitting junior doctors to be 5% or more dehydrated. As judged by subsequent weight recovery in hospital, the main indicators of mild to moderate dehydration were decreased peripheral perfusion, deep breathing, decreased skin turgor, high urea, low pH, and a large base deficit; a history of increased thirst was just short of statistical significance. Dehydration was not indicated by a history of oliguria, by the presence of restlessness or lethargy, sunken eyes, dry mouth, or a sunken fontanelle or by the absence of tears. Clinical signs of dehydration became apparent at 3-4% rather than 5% dehydration. The degree of dehydration was overestimated by a mean of 3.2%; this caused unnecessary hospital admissions and overtreatment with intravenous fluid.
Lancet 1989 Sep 09
PMID:Clinical signs of dehydration in children. 257 63

Immune electron microscopy based on monoclonal antibodies was developed and evaluated for diagnosis of adenovirus type 40 and adenovirus type 41 directly from clinical specimens. One adenovirus type 40 monoclonal (5-8) and one adenovirus type 41 monoclonal (5-15) were found to react to high titre with homotypic but not heterotypic antigen. These monoclonals were tested on a coded batch of 20 stools which contained adenovirus type 40 or adenovirus type 41. The results showed that 5/6 adenovirus type 40 and 13/14 adenovirus type 41 strains were correctly serotyped but one strain of each type failed to react with either serum. A wide variation in the numbers of virions bound to positive grids was observed. A further coded batch of 27 specimens, a mixture of subgenus F (i.e. type 40 or 41) or non-subgenus F adenoviruses, was then tested. There was complete serotype concordance with reference results for 16/19 subgenus F strains and all 8 non-subgenus F adenoviruses gave negative results. However, three subgenus F adenoviruses also gave negative results. In conclusion, monoclonal antibody-based immune electron microscopy accurately distinguished adenovirus type 40 from adenovirus type 41 and both viruses from other adenovirus serotypes in clinical specimens and will therefore be useful in the diagnosis of adenovirus gastroenteritis, but some strains may be missed, presumably because of antigenic variation in surface epitopes.
J Virol Methods 1989 Sep
PMID:Development and evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based immune electron microscopy for diagnosis of adenovirus types 40 and 41. 258 48

During seven epidemics of rotavirus from 1978 to 1987, 575 children younger than 3 years were admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. The management before and during hospitalization, the status on admission and the outcome are reviewed. The mean age of the patients rose significantly during the study period, with the proportion younger than 12 months decreasing from 50 to 26%. Mild to moderate iso-osmolal dehydration was found in most cases, both hypernatraemia and hyponatraemia were rare. The home management had usually consisted of fasting except for "clear fluids". Oral rehydration and rapid feeding in hospital according to modern principles accelerated weight gain, shortened the duration of diarrhoea and the hospital stay and reduced the requirement for intravenous fluid therapy. This experience, together with the current rarity of acute gastroenteritis in young infants and of delay in recovery, suggests that oral rehydration and realimentation should be more extensively used in general practice.
Acta Paediatr Scand 1989 Sep
PMID:Acute gastroenteritis. Changing pattern of clinical features and management. 259 74

In chinese medicine, Phellodendri Cortex (Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht) has been used to treat the patient who suffers from gastroenteritis, abdominal pain or diarrhea. Berberine has been identified as a major component in this plant, and it has biological activities, such as bactericidal activity, anti-cholera toxin effect, anti-inflammatory effect, stimulative effect of bile secretion or bilirubin discharge. In the previous study, we have shown the presence of anti-inflammatory activity in the berberine-free fraction of the extract from this plant. In the present study, we also found anti-ulcer activity in the fraction. The fraction significantly inhibited the formation of ethanol-induced ulcer, aspirin-induced ulcer (s.c., p.o.), pylorus-ligated ulcer (p.o., i.d.) in rats, as well as that of stress ulcer in restrained and water-immersed mice (p.o.). In addition, gastric acid secretion was significantly reduced in pylorus-ligated rats by subcutaneous or intraduodenal administration of the fraction, but not by oral administration. These findings suggest that the suppression of ulcer formation may be due to the additive effect of the cytoprotection effect and the reduction of gastric acid secretion by administration of the berberine-free fraction.
Yakugaku Zasshi 1989 Sep
PMID:[Anti-ulcer effect of extract from phellodendri cortex]. 260 17

After acute gastroenteritis, delayed recovery and protracted diarrhoea may occur, particularly in very young infants, in bottle-fed malnourished infants, and after rota virus infection. Monosaccharide and disaccharide malabsorption have been demonstrated to contribute to postenteritis problems in these children. The contribution of secondary food protein intolerance to the perpetuation of diarrhoea after gastroenteritis is less well understood. Secondary sugar intolerance is diagnosed by estimation of stool pH, Clinitest, H2 breath testing and, in some cases, direct enzyme determination from biopsy material. Diagnosis of secondary cow's milk or soy-protein intolerance has to be done by clinical challenge. Dietary therapy consists of elimination of the malabsorbed food compound. A general elimination diet (lactose-free protein hydrolysate formula) is not necessary in the majority of cases but may be life-saving in individual infants. In West European countries postenteritis problems have become less in quality and quantity during the last few years.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1989 Sep
PMID:[Secondary carbohydrate and protein intolerances following gastroenteritis]. 268 14

Identification of infants with bacterial diarrhea during the first year of life is important to limit potentially serious complications, but indications for stool leukocyte examination and culture are not well defined. The ability of three clinical features--temperature, history of blood in the stool, and stool frequency--to predict the presence of bacterial gastroenteritis was analyzed. Over a 1-year period, 108 (10.4%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 1,035 infants aged less than 1 year with diarrhea. Bacterial culture was positive in 14.9% of cases from May to October, compared with 6.2% of cases from November to April. A history of blood in the stool was the best individual predictor with sensitivity of 39%, specificity of 88%, and a positive predictive value of 30%. Temperature greater than 39 degrees C had sensitivity of 34% and specificity of 85%; greater than or equal to 10 stools in 24 hours had sensitivity of 28% and specificity of 85%. Using combinations of factors, we identified (1) a group of patients at high risk for bacterial diarrhea (infants with two of the three factors studied); (2) a low-risk group (those with temperature less than or equal to 38 degrees C, less than 10 stools in 24 hours, and the absence of blood in the stool); and (3) a group at intermediate risk for bacterial diarrhea (all other patients). We recommend routine stool cultures for infants with a high-risk combination. Additional clinical and laboratory features, such as stool leukocytes, should be studied among patients in the intermediate-risk group.
Am J Emerg Med 1989 Sep
PMID:Common clinical features as predictors of bacterial diarrhea in infants. 275 12

Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates derived from an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Republic of Maldives did not have the genetic potential to produce the thermostable direct hemolysin, but one such isolate produced a hemolysin immunologically related to the thermostable direct hemolysin (T. Honda, Y. Ni, and T. Miwatani, Infect. Immun. 56:61-965, 1988). The Maldives isolates hybridized with the DNA probe for the gene encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin (the tdh gene) under reduced stringencies. A DNA fragment containing the probe-reactive nucleotide sequence was isolated from a selected strain and cloned into pBR322 in Escherichia coli. A clone producing the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin was obtained by screening with hemolysis assays and by an immunological assay. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNA fragment revealed that the gene encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (the trh gene), like the tdh gene, encoded the hemolysin subunit composed of 189 amino acid residues. The trh gene had significant nucleotide sequence homology with the tdh gene (68.4% with the tdh1 gene copy and 68.6% with the tdh2 gene copy). The amino acid sequences of the hemolysin subunits deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the trh gene and tdh gene were homologous (61.9% homology with the tdh1-encoded subunit and 63.0% homology with the tdh2-encoded subunit) and contained the two cysteine residues to form an intrachain bond at the same positions, and their possible conformations appeared to be similar as determined by hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity analysis and a secondary structure prediction. The trh and tdh genes may have had a common ancestor and may have evolved by single-base changes so that they maintained the fundamental architecture of the molecules.
Infect Immun 1989 Sep
PMID:Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene (trh) encoding the hemolysin related to the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 275 6

During a 15-month period, 621 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis and 152 control children were investigated for etiologic agents of the disease. Putative enteropathogens were identified in 86% of the patients and 10% of the controls. Common viral agents associated with gastroenteritis among children included rotaviruses (45%) and enteric adenoviruses (4%). Bacterial pathogens infecting children were Salmonella serotypes (24%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (9%), Campylobacter jejuni (7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (7%), Shigella (4%), and enterotoxigenic Aeromonas sp. (1%). The highest incidence of infections was observed in the 3-25 month age group. Mixed infections were observed in 12% of the patients. Viral gastroenteritis was clinically mild and of short duration. Upper respiratory tract infections, vomiting, and watery stools were common features. In contrast, bacterial gastroenteritis was more severe; stools were frequently bloody and abdominal pain, cramps, shock, convulsions, and milk intolerance were predominant clinical features. Comparative analysis revealed differential features of bacterial and viral gastroenteritis which should help clinicians to make a tentative diagnosis and to start treatment early.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989 Sep
PMID:Microbial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Kuwait. 279 54

Molecular clones representing the first 2,000 bases from the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus genome and the first 2,160 bases from the 3' end of the bovine enteric coronavirus genome were used in dot blot hybridization assays to detect viral RNA from cell culture and from fecal specimens. In each case, the cloned DNA represents approximately 10% of the genome. The cloned sequence for each virus encompasses the 3' noncoding region, the nucleocapsid protein gene, and a large portion of the matrix protein gene. 32P-labeled cDNA probes prepared from these clones detected as little as 25 pg of RNA from the parental virus but did not detect RNA from the nonparental virus even when amounts of up to 10 ng per dot were used. This specificity reflects the antigenic diversity between these two coronaviruses. The hybridization assay could also detect coronaviruses antigenically closely related to the parental virus but not coronaviruses belonging to an antigenically unrelated subgroup. Dot blot hybridization for transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus diagnosis was compared with the routine procedures of virus isolation and electron microscopy as a diagnostic test.
J Clin Microbiol 1987 Sep
PMID:Diagnosis of porcine and bovine enteric coronavirus infections using cloned cDNA probes. 282 Oct 59


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