Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Doberman Pinscher was evaluated for acute onset of gastroenteritis, characterized by anorexia, hematemesis, and hematochezia. The dog had ingested mole bait containing thallium 2 days prior to admission. Thallium toxicosis was confirmed by detection of thallium in the urine, using colorimetric analysis. The dog responded well to administration of antibiotics, fluids administered IV, warm-water enemas, and oral administration of activated charcoal slurries.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Acute thallium toxicosis in a dog. 139 97

An experiment was conducted in calves to investigate the efficacy of a morantel sustained release trilaminate bolus (MSRT) to control gastrointestinal parasitism and to assess the development of immunity during the use of MSRT. Two groups (M and U) of four calves each were infected three times a week with a mixed Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora infection for 12 weeks. Calves of Group M received an MSRT at the start of the experiment. Twenty weeks after the start of the experiment, all animals, including a previously uninfected control group (C), received a challenge with 100,000 Ostertagia and 100,000 Cooperia. After a further 4 weeks all calves were necropsied for worm counts. During the trial calves were weighed and faecal egg counts, larval differentiation and pepsinogen concentrations were determined. The results demonstrated the high level of efficacy of the MSRT in reducing the faecal egg output and preventing parasitic gastroenteritis under conditions of a continuous high rate of infection. Efficacy of treatment was higher for Cooperia than for Ostertagia. Post-mortem worm counts suggested a partially impaired immunity build-up in Group M, at least for Cooperia.
Vet Parasitol 1992 Sep
PMID:Efficacy of the morantel sustained release trilaminate bolus against gastrointestinal nematodes and its influence on immunity in calves. 144 Nov 95

On the evening of October 10, 1990, many of the 474 inmates of a state prison in Florida began to experience symptoms of gastroenteritis. An investigation included interviews with inmates, evaluation of the kitchen and food-handling practices, cultures of leftover food, stool cultures, and cultures from the nares and skin lesions of food handlers. Of the 331 inmates interviewed, 215 (65%) had diarrhea, vomiting, or both. The median incubation period was 5 hours (range, 1-41 hours). Cases with onset of illness 8 or more hours after the evening meal were more likely than those with earlier onset to have had only diarrhea without vomiting (p < 0.001). Eating turkey at the evening meal on October 10 was associated with risk of illness (relative risk = 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.7-13.7). Cases who became ill within 8 hours of the evening meal and those who became ill later were both more likely to have eaten turkey than those who did not become ill (p < 0.001 and p < 0.007, respectively). Salmonella infantis and enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus were both isolated from samples of leftover turkey, and S. infantis was isolated from 18 of 20 stool specimens. Cultures of the anterior nares and skin lesions of food handlers grew S. aureus, but phage typing failed to link these strains to the outbreak. Improper food-handling practices contributed to the development of this outbreak. This report highlights the importance of recognizing multiple-organism outbreaks, since the authors' recommendations for prevention of more cases depended upon knowing the risks associated with the distinct organisms and the possible sources of contamination.
Am J Epidemiol 1992 Sep 01
PMID:A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving two different pathogens. 144 24

Several reports have described an inverse relationship between the frequency of infections and various malignancies. In this paper results of a hospital-based case control study on 139 melanoma patients and 271 suitable selected controls are presented, addressing the question of whether this relationship exists with respect to malignant melanoma while simultaneously controlling for the effects of other risk factors. Data on childhood diseases (group I), febrile diseases of adulthood (group II) and common febrile infections within a 5-year period prior to the diagnosis of melanoma (group III) were collected using a standardized interview. Group I diseases did not show a marked influence on the risk of malignant melanoma. Considering group II diseases, a significant protective effect was determined for chronic infectious diseases (OR = 0.32) and also for wound infections, abscesses and furunculosis (OR = 0.21). In group III, herpes simplex infections (OR = 0.45) and influenza/common cold (OR = 0.32) substantially reduced the melanoma risk. This effect was less pronounced for gastroenteritis (OR = 0.52). Analysis of the cumulative influence of infections pointed to a strong dose-response relationship between the frequency of febrile infections in adulthood and malignant melanoma. In particular, the risk reduction was striking when two or more febrile infections were compared to no febrile infections in group II (OR = 0.09) and group III (OR = 0.20). The study confirms the hypothesis that an inverse relationship exists between febrile infections and malignant melanoma, but these results have to be interpreted cautiously due to the inherent limitations of the case-control design.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Melanoma Res 1992 Sep
PMID:Febrile infections and malignant melanoma: results of a case-control study. 145 Jun 74

The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in presented morbidity and use of health services among boys and girls in early childhood. The study was performed using data collected by the continuous morbidity registration project of the department of general practice at Nijmegen University. All recorded morbidity, referrals to specialists and admissions to hospitals were recorded by the registration project. The study population included children born in four practices from 1971 to 1984. The children were followed up until the age of five years and if possible until the age of 10 years. The morbidity of the children had been categorized into three levels of seriousness of diagnosis and 15 diagnostic groups as part of the registration project. Boys presented more morbidity than girls in the first years of their lives. For the age group 0-4 years this was true for all levels of seriousness of diagnosis except the most serious. In this younger age group significantly more boys than girls suffered respiratory diseases, behaviour disorders, gastroenteritis and accidents. Girls suffered from more episodes of urinary infection than boys in both age groups. More boys were referred to specialists and admitted to hospital than girls. The findings of this study suggest that not only inborn factors can explain the sex differences in presented morbidity and use of health services in early childhood. In particular, differences between girls and boys in terms of non-serious morbidity and referral and admission rates suggest a different way of handling health problems in boys and girls in early childhood both by parents and doctors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Br J Gen Pract 1992 Sep
PMID:Morbidity in early childhood: differences between girls and boys under 10 years old. 145 71

A variant of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVSMM/PBj), isolated from a chronically infected pig-tailed macaque has been shown in previous studies to produce acutely fatal disease uniformly in pig-tailed macaques and in some rhesus macaques. The present study extends investigation of SIVSMM/PBj pathogenesis in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were found to be uniformly susceptible to infection, but as previously reported, the rhesus were found to not be uniform in their response during the acute disease. Homogenized tissues from a rhesus that died acutely from SIVSMM/PBj were passaged to 6 rhesus monkeys in an attempt to increase lethality. Five of 6 rhesus monkeys receiving intravenous inoculation of either spleen (10(3) TCID50) or lymph node (10(5) TCID50) homogenate developed acute disease; 4 died (days 8-10), 1 recovered, and one rhesus remained asymptomatic. Three of 3 cynomolgus macaques and 4 of 4 pig-tailed macaques receiving the same inoculum died acutely within 9 days. Clinical disease in macaques that died was characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy within 5 days of inoculation and severe diarrhea beginning 1 to 3 days before death. Anorexia, lymphopenia (< 1000 cells/mm3), and mild hypoalbuminemia preceded onset of diarrhea by 24 h. Viral p27 was detected in circulation by day 6 postinfection, with all animals dying acutely having detectable serum p27 and no detectable humoral response. Acute lethality was attributed to severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.20) which was observed 24-48 h prior to death in the pig-tailed and cynomolgus macaques. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous SIV antigen-positive lymphocytes and macrophages in the lymph nodes, spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissues and gastrointestinal lamina propria. Histopathologic lesions included marked to severe hyperplasia of the T-cell-dependent areas in lymphoid tissues and diffuse nonulcerative lymphohistiocytic gastroenteritis. Surviving rhesus developed strong humoral immune responses to the major SIV proteins.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1992 Sep
PMID:Infection of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with a rapidly fatal SIV (SIVSMM/PBj) isolate from sooty mangabeys. 145 9

High proximity in daycare centers is a well established risk factor for upper respiratory tract infections as well as Haemophilus influenza meningitis. Many studies have also reported the development of gastroenteritis as well as hepatitis A outbreaks in daycare centers; however, because of lack of controls, these studies do not provide enough information about the excess of risk attributable to daycare attendance. Main risk factors such as age, or seasons, are still very important in daycare centers and studies have also shown that a protection occurs rapidly after the beginning of attendance, may be in relation to the stimulation of the non-specific immunity. All these results do not provide enough data to implement a rational intervention project. More studies have to be carried out to assess the long term consequences (at school age for instance) of these infections. In order to make a rational decision regarding daycare attendance, it is important to have a global assessment of all the effects related to attendance (which are numerous and sometimes opposite); studies focusing on a single aspect of daycare attendance, or on its short term effect, may result in partial and misleading conclusions.
Rev Prat 1992 Sep 15
PMID:[Infectious risk in day-nursery children]. 148 Sep 40

We reported a case of non-0:1 group Vibrio cholerae septicemia with myelodysplatic syndrome in Taiwan. We also reviewed the other 22 reported cases of non-0:1 Vibrion cholerae septicemia found in the literature regarding its pathogenesis and treatment. The case mortality rate of these 23 cases was 47.8%. Most of them had immunocompromised diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis and hematologic malignancy. Therefore, the most important factor is the host defense. The cholera-like enterotoxin and E1-Tor-like hemolysin also play a major role, but whether the gall bladder plays a role in organ growth is still unclear. The incidence of gastroenteritis is not well understood because of the low incidence of non-0:1 V. cholerae gastroenteritis as compared with other factors such as shell-fish eating. Ampicillin as the sole antibiotic for non-0:1 V. cholerae is not efficacious. Tetracyclines or chloramphenicol is more effective for treatment.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1991 Sep
PMID:Non-0:1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia: a case report and literature review. 165 43

Between December 9, 1988 and January 28, 1989, there were four outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Saitama prefecture. Eighty-two of 123 persons (67%) attending four banquets in restaurants became ill: 44 cases attending three banquets were related to eating raw oysters, and 38 attending one banquet to eating sashimi. The most common symptoms were nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Average incubation periods were 29 to 32 hours long. Bacteriologic analysis of stool specimens did not reveal causative agents. Small round structured viruses were detected in fecal specimens from 19 of 39 ill persons (49%) by electron microscopy. In one of four outbreaks, the formation of antibody to small round structured virus in paired serum samples was detected by western blot test. Small round structured viruses were implicated as the etiologic agents in four outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[Food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses. 1. Four outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption]. 166 51

Out of 317 human gastroenteritis cases studied between August 1988-August 1989, two atypical antigenically distinct rotaviruses (pararotaviruses) were detected in faecal samples among 19 rotaviruses shedding children from Misiones province, North-Eastern Argentina. A 1 3/4 year old girl a 3 years old boy, both with vomiting and normal temperature, shed these atypical rotaviruses. Their morphology by electron microscopy was identical to other rotaviruses; they contained 11 double-stranded RNA segments detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and failed to react with the antibody directed against the rotavirus group specific antigen (Rotazyme II ELISA). The electrophoretic migration of these RNAs (electropherotype) in polyacrylamide gels did not coincide with the typical pattern of distinct size classes observed in most human rotaviruses reported, instead, they appeared to be related to patterns of rotaviruses group C.
Acta Virol 1991 Sep
PMID:Detection of two atypical rotaviruses in the province of Misiones, Argentina. 168 74


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