Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To ascertain what class of immunoglobulin (Ig; IgA, IgG, or IgM) is most efficacious in protection, a large quantity of colostrum from sows immunized with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus was fractionated by chromatographic and gel filtration methods. The isolated IgG, IgA, and IgM(A) had specific virus-neutralizing activities of 1:7.6, 1:342, and 1:302 per milligram of protein, respectively. Each Ig was fed to groups of hysterectomy-derived colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs before and after exposure (challenge) with virulent TGE virus. The 7 pigs fed IgG survived the challenge exposure, but 2 of 7 fed IgA and 1 of 7 fed IgM(A) died of TGE. Three of the survivor pigs that had been fed IgG and 2 of the survivor pigs that had been fed IgA had increased serum antibody titers between 8 and 19 days after challenge exposure, but none of the survivor pigs fed IgM(A) had TGE antibody. In contrast, 12 of 14 virus-control pigs died of TGE and the 2 survivors had antibody conversion. The data show that all 3 Ig classes in immune colostrum will protect neonatal pigs against exposure with virulent TGE virus.
Am J Vet Res 1977 Sep
PMID:Efficacy of isolated colostral IgA, IgG, and IgM(A) to protect neonatal pigs against the coronavirus of transmissible gastroenteritis. 92 Oct 21

We have investigated small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac disease, acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and giardiasis, to find out if a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count is a feature specific to coeliac disease, or whether it is always associated with partial or subtotal villous atrophy. The results indicate that the normal range for childrens' intraepithelial lymphocyte counts is similar to that for adults (around 6-40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells); that counts are high in coeliac disease, but also in some children with giardiasis or with failure to thrive in whom the jejunal biopsy appears otherwise normal; and that intraepithelial lymphocyte counts are normal in acute gastroenteritis even when there is partial villous atrophy with increased lamina propria lymphoid cell infiltrate. Thus, this measurement of small intestinal lymphocyte infiltration may be of diagnostic value is differentiating the diarrhoea of food intolerance from infectious diarrhoeas in young children.
Acta Paediatr Scand 1976 Sep
PMID:Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in small intestinal biopsies from children with diarrhoea. 96 7

Large numbers of a reovirus-like agent were visualized with electron microscopy in bacteria-free gut homogenates obtained from piglets with a fatal diarrhea resembling transmissible gastroenteritis. The syndrome, of vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and death, was reproduced in piglets artificially infected with these bacteria-free gut homogenates. Reovirus-like particles persisted in serial piglet passage and none was seen in uninfected, asymptomatic controls. Hyperimmune sera (made in recovered piglets) aggregated the reovirus-like particles, as judged by immunoelectron microscopy, and neutralized the infectious agent. The cytoplasm in enterocytes on infected intestinal epithelium fluoresced when this hyperimmune sera was used in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Feeding cow colostrum or diets containing porcine gamma globulin protected infected piglets. No cytopathogenic effect was noted in infected tissue cultures, nor did this agent affect neonatal guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, and rats. The agent did not agglutinate human O or A erythrocytes.
Infect Immun 1976 Sep
PMID:Reovirus-like agent associated with fatal diarrhea in neonatal pigs. 96 98

Between December 21, 1969, and April 14, 1970, 44 symptomatic cases of Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis occurred among the approximately 2500 Sioux Indians of the Lake Traverse Reservation in South Dakota. Twenty-five cases were confirmed by positive stool culture. All 19 cases not confirmed by culture had diarrhea and were epidemiologically associated with the culture-proven cases. Fourteen of these were discovered during the course of the investigation and had not been cultured previously. Twelve cases were hospital-acquired and 32 community acquired. Both the nosocomial and community-acquired infections occurred randomly during the 17-week span of the epidemic. Despite extensive investigation, no common exposure was discovered. The hospital-acquired infections all occurred in patients who shared a room or nursing personnel with patients who had active disease, or were born of a woman with active disease at the time of parturition. Twenty-nine of the 32 community acquired cases were linked to each other by person-to-person contact. This epidemic is the first documented outbreak of non-institutional salmonellosis propagated by person-to-person transmission.
Am J Epidemiol 1975 Sep
PMID:An outbreak of salmonellosis propagated by person-to-person transmission on an Indian reservation. 109

The agglutinating antibody responses in duodenal fluid and serum were measured serially in 15 infants with enteropathogenic E. coli gastroenteritis. Peak levels of duodenal agglutinins were recorded eight to 18 days after the onset of symptoms, and the titres fell within the next seven to 14 days. These antibodies were mainly of the IgA class but IgM antibodies were detected early in the response, especially in the youngest infants. Serum antibody responses were detected in eight patients, but they correlated poorly with the titres of intestinal antibodies. No rise in serum antibodies was found in six infants. Further studies are required to determine whether these differences are host-derived or whether they reflect different pathogenic properties of the infecting organisms.
Gut 1975 Sep
PMID:The agglutinating antibody response in the duodenum in infants with enteropathic E. coli gastroenteritis. 110 13

Thirty-six cases of Yersinia enterocolitica infection were detected in the years 1972-74. The form of the illness in young children was acute gastroenteritis and in older children "appendicular syndrome". Improved isolation and identification techniques have increased the laboratory recognition of this enteric pathogen.
Can Med Assoc J 1975 Sep 20
PMID:Experience with Yersinia enterocolitica at The Hospital for Sick Children, 1972-74. 115 81

During the period from September 8 to October 2, 1970, 44 of the 120 children and 78 of 141 adults questioned at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital experienced gastroenteritis characterized by nausea, vomiting, and fever and/or chills. Diarrhea was rare in children (4.5%) and common in adults (74%). The median duration of illness for children, 18 hours, was significantly shorter than the 48 hours for adults. All viral and bacterial cultures of 30 stool specimens were negative for viruses and bacterial pathogens. A retrospective survey of 28 ill employees revealed a secondary attach rate of 46% of 76 family contacts. A bacteria-free filtrate prepared from stool swab specimens of 2 ill adults by a team at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases was administered orally to 3 adult volunteers. One of the 3 vomited and had 4 watery diarrheal stools on the third post-inoculation day. Diarrheal stool filtrates from this person were then given orally to 8 others; 1 became ill. Although the epidemiologic features point to the respiratory route of infection, the probably successful serial transmission of disease via bacteria-free stool filtrates through 2 generations of volunteers also suggests that the "Denver agent" is a virus-sized particle that replicates in the gastrointestinal tract.
Am J Epidemiol 1975 Sep
PMID:Epidemic acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital. 116 30

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus isolated for the first time in 1946. Nonenteropathogenic porcine respiratory coronaviruses (PRCVs) have been derived from TGEV. The genetic relationship among six European PRCVs and five coronaviruses of the TGEV antigenic cluster has been determined based on their RNA sequences. The S protein of six PRCVs have an identical deletion of 224 amino acids starting at position 21. The deleted area includes the antigenic sites C and B of TGEV S glycoprotein. Interestingly, two viruses (NEB72 and TOY56) with respiratory tropism have S proteins with a size similar to the enteric viruses. NEB72 and TOY56 viruses have in the S protein 2 and 15 specific amino acid differences with the enteric viruses. Four of the residues changed (aa 219 of NEB72 isolate and aa 92, 94, and 218 of TOY56) are located within the deletion present in the PRCVs and may be involved in the receptor binding site (RBS) conferring enteric tropism to TGEVs. A second RBS used by the virus to infect ST cells might be located in a conserved area between sites A and D of the S glycoprotein, since monoclonal antibodies specific for these sites inhibit the binding of the virus to ST cells. An evolutionary tree relating 13 enteric and respiratory isolates has been proposed. According to this tree, a main virus lineage evolved from a recent progenitor virus which was circulating around 1941. From this, secondary lineages originated PUR46, NEB72, TOY56, MIL65, BR170, and the PRCVs, in this order. Least squares estimation of the origin of TGEV-related coronaviruses showed a significant constancy in the fixation of mutations with time, that is, the existence of a well-defined molecular clock. A mutation fixation rate of 7 +/- 2 x 10(-4) nucleotide substitutions per site and per year was calculated for TGEV-related viruses. This rate falls in the range reported for other RNA viruses. Point mutations and probably recombination events have occurred during TGEV evolution.
Virology 1992 Sep
PMID:Genetic evolution and tropism of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses. 132 23

In summary, during 1991, a substantial cholera outbreak occurred in Nepal. It presented as one of the causes of a multicausal gastroenteritis epidemic which reportedly resulted in nearly 92,000 cases and 1,800 deaths. The 1991 epidemic appeared to have been more severe with a longer duration than the epidemic which occurred in 1990. The overall case-fatality rate was 2.0%. Cholera was confirmed in 63% of faecal specimens processed, compared with 46% during the 1990 epidemic. Specimens from the first and last laboratory-confirmed cases were collected on 14 June and 26 September 1991, respectively. The presence of cholera was confirmed in all 5 development regions in the country. Contaminated public water supplies probably contributed to sustaining disease transmission, at least in urban areas.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1992 Sep 11
PMID:Diarrhoeal diseases. Gastroenteritis and cholera epidemic, 1991. 139 40

A 4-year-old Saudi female child with extreme failure to thrive, striking dysmorphic features, developmental delay, congenital hypoparathyroidism, UTI, seizures, chronic otitis media, chronic non-specific gastroenteritis and repeated life-threatening infections was followed from birth. She was the product of first-cousin consanguineous marriage. She had striking facies with frontal prominence, deep-set eyes, depressed nasal bridge, beaked nose, long philtrum with thin upper lip, micrognathia, large floppy ears, bifid uvula, and growth retardation with SD score less than -2 for height, weight and head circumference. We believe these features which include congenital hypoparathyroidism, severe growth failure and developmental delay in the absence of chromosomal abnormality represent a newly described genetically determined syndrome.
Clin Genet 1992 Sep
PMID:Congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizure, extreme growth failure with developmental delay and dysmorphic features--another case of this new syndrome. 139 80


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