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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study included 13 infants under one year complaining of acute gastroenteritis and dehydration who were still in oliguria or anuria 6 hours after rehydration was initiated. They were given a single dose of furosemide at the rate of 1 mg/kg and indices of U/P of urea and osmolarity, ratio urea/plasmatic creatinine, urinary volume, natriuresis and evolution of urea plasmatic figures and of creatinine were determined. Four patients showed no response to the diuretic; all of them died and through clinical and histopathologic evaluation they were classified as having acute renal insufficiency (IRA). The nine patients showing response to the drug with an increase of 5 to 30 times the control figure for urine and natriuresis showed an index U/P of urea of 5.52 +/- 3.82, U/P of osmolarity of 1.32 +/- 09, ratio urea/plasmatic creatinine of 58.7 +/- 19.8 and the figures for urea and creatinine in blood turned normal within 2 to 4 days. This was classed as prerenal azotemia (APR). It is thus concluded that furosemide appears to be a good parameter to make an early differentiation of cases with IRA, but that this measure, the same as the rest of the indices cannot show an absolute value since there are important variations in each individual.
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PMID:[Furosemide in the early diagnosis of acute renal insufficiency in the newborn infant]. 58 41

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from a stool specimen of a patient who developed gastroenteritis after ingestion of crab meat. Recognition and identification of this halophilic microorganism was facilitated by the microscopic observation of a darting, vibrant motility in condensate derived from Kligler iron agar and the bizarre morphological aberrations noted in the condensate obtained from Christensen urea agar. Sodium chloride supplementation (1.1%) of biochemical test media revealed the halophilic nature and fermentative capability of the isolate and abolished the aberrent morphology observed in unsupplemented Christensen medium.
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PMID:Vibrio parahaemolyticus: suspicion of presence based on aberrant biochemical and morphological features. 74 3

Fifty-two clinical charts of children who had been discharged from this hospital, after being treated for acute renal failure, were analyzed to determine the incidence, presentation and results of the treatment used. We found that 0.7% of the total number of children admitted developed this complication and that 4/5 of them were under two years old. The initial illnesses were gastroenteritis, bronchial pneumonia, cyanogenic cardiopathies and sepsis. Some of the patients had hypoxic episodes or went into hypovolemic shock or a combination of both. In half of the patients diagnosis was reached from anamnesis, from of oliguria, acidosis and nitrogen retention. In the rest from whom a urine sample was obtained, the diagnosis was confirmed when the FeNa was higher than 2 and because the U/P osmolarity and urea were under 1.3 and 5 respectively. The oliguric type of acute renal failure was seen in 65% of the cases; the non-oliguric type in 35%. In the first group the mortality rate reached 6.5% even though a third of them were placed under dialysis. Yet, in another 7 cases, dialysis could not be used because the child was in shock. Of the 18 cases of non-oliguric acute renal failure, 12 recovered; only 3 required dialysis. We conclude that the high mortality rate in cases of acute renal failure depends on the severity of the underlying illness, the age of the patient and the delay in the diagnosis of the disease. The use of dopamine and furosemide, as well as the application of hemoperfusion instead place of peritoneal dialysis in neonates with sepsis, could improve results.
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PMID:[Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of acute renal insufficiency]. 177 97

Comparative examinations of renal function using inulin- and endogenous creatinine-clearance tests in 5 pigs showed nearly identical values of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Based on this relation 79 healthy pigs, weighting 2 kg to 230 kg were investigated using the creatinine-clearance test for determination of normal values of GFR and urine flow rate (Vu) as well as renal excretion (E), renal clearance (Clr) and fractional excretion (FE) of urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, glucose and lactate. The renal excretion of creatinine (E-Creat) was closely correlated with the body weight. Therefore it is possible to use the body weight for estimation of E-Creat and to calculate GFR and Vu using plasma and urine concentrations of creatinine independent of a timed volumetric urine collection. Subsequently E, Clr and FE of electrolytes or other endogenous substances can be evaluated. Finally the practicability of this procedure for detection of disturbed glomerular filtration or tubular reabsorption was demonstrated in piglets suffering from colidiarrhoea and/or transmissible gastroenteritis.
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PMID:[Creatinine clearance as the foundation for clinical determination of kidney function in swine]. 194 84

One hundred and sixteen children (less than 2 years old) admitted to a London hospital with acute gastroenteritis were randomized to receive either an oral rehydration solution (ORS) with low sodium and high glucose concentration (Na+ 35, glucose 200 mmol/L), an ORS with a high sodium but low glucose concentration (Na+ 60, glucose 111 mmol/L), or an ORS containing glycine and a glucose polymer (Na+ 50, glucose 50, glycine 50 mmol/L). Clinical, biochemical and haematological features of the three groups were similar on admission. Rotavirus was common (31%); the majority of children had minimal dehydration or acid-base disturbance. The clinical outcome, including ORS intake, prevention of dehydration, rehydration, and duration of hospital stay was similar in the three treatment groups. All initial electrolyte abnormalities were corrected; no child developed hypernatraemia or hyponatraemia. At 24 h, the mean serum urea was higher in those who received the ORS containing glycine than in other groups, and it had not fallen significantly since admission. Eighteen per cent of children had carbohydrate intolerance: four children with greater than or equal to 2% reducing substances in their stool had all received ORS with a high glucose content and had numerous watery green stools containing rotavirus. All ORS solutions were safe and effective for rehydration and correction of biochemical abnormalities, however carbohydrate intolerance was more prevalent in children who received the ORS with a high glucose content.
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PMID:Evaluation of three oral rehydration solutions designed for use in developed communities. 252 Jun 19

102 children with acute gastroenteritis were thought by the admitting junior doctors to be 5% or more dehydrated. As judged by subsequent weight recovery in hospital, the main indicators of mild to moderate dehydration were decreased peripheral perfusion, deep breathing, decreased skin turgor, high urea, low pH, and a large base deficit; a history of increased thirst was just short of statistical significance. Dehydration was not indicated by a history of oliguria, by the presence of restlessness or lethargy, sunken eyes, dry mouth, or a sunken fontanelle or by the absence of tears. Clinical signs of dehydration became apparent at 3-4% rather than 5% dehydration. The degree of dehydration was overestimated by a mean of 3.2%; this caused unnecessary hospital admissions and overtreatment with intravenous fluid.
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PMID:Clinical signs of dehydration in children. 257 63

We conducted a prospective study of 50 consecutive cases of children with gastroenteritis and dehydration to assess the correlation of alterations in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration. Symptoms included 24 children with vomiting and 26 with vomiting and diarrhea. All children were estimably dehydrated-appearing on examination by traditionally used criteria and had metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate concentration of less than 20 mEq/L) and increased anion gap (more than 12 mEq/L). Of these 50 children, 44 (88%) had a BUN concentration within the limits of normal--17 were less than or equal to 10 mg/dL, 17 were between 11 and 14 mg/dL, and ten were between 14 and 18 mg/dL. We discuss the physiologic factors that influence the BUN concentration in conditions of dehydration. Although commonly used, measurement of the magnitude of the BUN concentration is not an accurate method for assessing the hydration status of children with dehydration due to gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Efficacy of measuring BUN in assessing children with dehydration due to gastroenteritis. 216 Jul 82

A 3-year-old girl is reported on who underwent laparotomy for ileocaecal intussusception elsewhere one week following severe gastroenteritis. Immediately after surgery, she developed haemolytic-uraemic syndrome with haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, increase of urea and creatinine and anuria as well as subsequent peritonitis, enterocolitis and sepsis. Following relaparotomy with establishment of ileostomy, peritoneal dialysis for several days was carried out for treatment of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. This case demonstrates that the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome can be treated effectively by peritoneal dialysis despite fresh bowel anastomoses, and that simultaneously occurring peritonitis can be managed by intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics via dialysis fluid.
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PMID:[Peritoneal dialysis in hemolytic-uremic syndrome following ileocecal resection for invagination in postoperative peritonitis]. 275 Mar 44

150 infants aged under 6 months and admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis were treated with rice water (RW), rice-based electrolyte solution (RES), and the glucose electrolyte solution (GES) recommended by the World Health Organisation. Two-thirds of the patients were moderately dehydrated and only 8% had positive stool culture. Vomiting, present in 11%, did not interfere with successful oral rehydration. Before treatment serum electrolytes and other biochemical variables were similar in the three groups. After 48 h of treatment the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were lower (p less than 0.05) in the RW and RES group than in the GES group. Serum potassium was also lower in the RW than in the RES group. RW and RES were superior to GES in reducing the frequency and volume of stool output and in producing weight gain.
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PMID:Comparison of rice water, rice electrolyte solution, and glucose electrolyte solution in the management of infantile diarrhoea. 287 Mar 23

The permeability of the intestine of specific pathogen free piglets was investigated by measuring the concentration of 125-I in the blood after oral administration of 125-I polyvinylpyrrolidone (125-I PVP, MW = 40,000 Da) and the concentration of 131-I in the faeces after intravenous administration of 131-I porcine albumin (131-I PA, MW = 68,000 Da). The tests were performed one day before and up to two days after the piglets were infected with the Miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus. Biopsies of the jejunum were taken at the end of the experiment and blood samples were taken six-hourly. The piglets became anorexic and had diarrhoea 12 hours after infection; the packed cell volume decreased and the concentrations of urea and total serum proteins increased slightly after infection. However, the marked villous atrophy was not accompanied by an increased permeability of the intestine to PVP or PA.
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PMID:Intestinal permeability to macromolecules in piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 297 91


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