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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective randomized study of 100 well-nourished infants with acute gastroenteritis resulting in dehydration and acidosis was carried out at the Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami from 1981 to 1983. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard intravenous therapy or oral rehydration. Infants in the latter group first received solution A containing 75 mEq/L sodium, 30 mEq/L potassium, 75 mEq/L chloride [corrected], 30 mEq/L bicarbonate, and 2 gm/dL glucose [corrected]. After ad libitum feeding for six hours, solution B containing 50 mEq/L sodium, 30 mEq/L potassium, 50 mEq/L chlorine, 30 mEq/L bicarbonate, and 3 gm/dL [corrected] glucose was given. With three exceptions (6%), oral rehydration was comparable to the intravenous regimen in clinical estimates of improvement, although the oral group had more stools in the first day. The oral group had faster correction of acidosis and a sustained rise in serum potassium concentration, whereas in the intravenous group the potassium concentration showed first a drop with a later increase, but levels were at all times below those in the oral group. Although potassium was given from the beginning of oral rehydration, and at a higher concentration than recommended by the World Health Organization, no hyperkalemia occurred. We concluded that oral therapy is safe, less expensive for patients, and more convenient for the medical and nursing staffs.
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PMID:Oral rehydration of infants in a large urban U.S. medical center. 400 30

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral fluid therapy alone or combined with parenteral administration of a 5% dextrose solution to attenuate the clinical signs and the pathophysiological consequences of transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. Eighteen two day old conventional piglets were infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus while six others were used as controls (Group 1). At the onset of diarrhea, infected piglets were divided into three groups of six (Groups 2, 3 and 4). Piglets in group 2 were not treated and were fed a milk replacer ad libitum. Piglets in group 3 were removed from the milk replacer and placed on an oral glucose-glycine-electrolyte solution ad libitum. Those in group 4 were placed on oral fluid therapy and received a 5% dextrose solution intraperitoneally at the rate of 25 mL/kg of body weight once a day. Blood samples were collected in heparin within minutes after the infected piglets became comatose and from the controls at four or five days of age. The following variables were measured: packed red cell volume, blood pH, total plasma protein and bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma glucose, creatinine, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Vomiting and diarrhea appeared 12 to 24 hours postinoculation in the infected piglets. There was a sudden and rapid progression into a comatose and moribund state one or two days later whether the infected piglets were treated or not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fluid therapy trials in neonatal piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 407 36

In the Melut-area 120 infants and young children (100%) (average estimated age 6 months) suffering from acute gastroenteritis were treated according to degree of dehydration and state of consciousness. Comatous patients and patients with life-threatening dehydration (= 25% of the patients) were given physiological NaCl-solution (15 ml/kg b. w.) intravenously and subsequently 2 to 4 courses with glucose electrolyte solution administered as a continuous drip-infusion via a nasogastric tube (CNGI) until the patient shed urine. Moderately dehydrated patients (35%) were treated by one or several CNGI only and therapy was then continued at home. Patients with mild dehydration (40%) were usually treated at home. Because of the bad quality and the microbiological contamination of the drinking-water which was the only source available for preparing the rehydration solution a chlorine-free disinfectant based on silver was used for water disinfection and preservation. Only solutions prepared in such water were used for both home-treatment and CNGI. In the 120 patients with treated diarrhea during a 7 months period 4 died. The rate of relapses, however, could not be established.
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PMID:[Oral rehydration by nasogastric tube using continuously sterilized water in infants with diarrhea in South Sudan (the Upper Nile area, Melut)]. 408 Apr 6

Electrolyte homeostasis was maintained in 100 children with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis presenting without dehydration; their electrolyte disturbances and responses to oral electrolyte solution therapy were recorded. None of the children needed hospitalization, and 66% improved within 72 hours, the others requiring from 3-6 days. The electrolyte solution used was commercially available (Electral) and contained, including glucose to a 5% solution: sodium, 25 meq; potassium, 25 meq; calcium, 4 meq; magnesium, 4 meq; chloride, 30 meq; lactate, 4 meq; citrate, 15 meq; sulfate, 4 meq; and biphosphate, 5 meq per liter. In this study, when case electrolyte levels were compared with controls, a potassium deficiency of a mild to moderate degree was seen in half the children in this early phase; hence, the potassium level of the solution is most important. Hypokalemia was the major problem among these cases, as compared to hypo- or hypernatremia.
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PMID:The role of oral electrolytes in the management of acute gastroenteritis in non-hospitalised children. 442 62

A collection of 169 strains, including 91 obtained from cases of gastroenteritis and 41 from localized tissue infections and infections of the eye and ear, was submitted to an extensive nutritional, physiological, and morphological characterization. The nutritional and physiological data obtained from these strains, as well as data for strains of other species of the genus Beneckea, were submitted to a numerical analysis which grouped the strains into clusters on the basis of phenotypic similarity. Strains from cases of gastroenteritis formed a group of three clusters which linked at a similarity value of 68%. These three clusters could not, however, be separated from each other by universally positive or negative traits, and on the basis of their overall phenotypic similarity were assigned to a single species, B. parahaemolytica. The majority of the strains from human, nonenteric sources segregated into two distinct clusters, one designated B. alginolytica and the other unassigned with respect to species (group C-2). B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 could be readily distinguished from one another as well as from the remaining species of the genus Beneckea by multiple, unrelated, phenotypic traits. Activities of selected enzymes of glucose and gluconate catabolism in cell-free extracts of B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 suggested that these organisms utilized glucose primarily via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and gluconate primarily via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Similar results were observed in the other members of the genus Beneckea.
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PMID:Taxonomy of marine bacteria: Beneckea parahaemolytica and Beneckea alginolytica. 457 Jul 70

Oral rehydration is an ideal form of treatment of gastroenteritis in India both in large hsopitals and in rural health centers where adequate facilities and trained personnel are lacking. This paper concerns a study of oral rehydration in 30 patients (aged 17 days to 5 years) admitted to the Children's Ward (of Goa Medical College between April to August 1972) for gastroenteritis and 210 children who were treated in the Outpatients' Dept. (Ta 1). Tables 2 and 3 show the complaints on admission and clinical signs of the disorder. Fluid replacement was divided into 2 phases. Intravenous fluid thera was administered to all children admitted in shock. Rehydration was started in all cases without shock and was maintained with orally administered glucose electrolyte solution. 12 patients had severe dehydration, 9 moderate and 9 mild. Table 5 details the control of diarrhea while Table 6 details the amount oral fluids given to different age groups and to patients with varying degrees of dehydration. 2 patients (3- and 5- month old females) developed paralytic ileus that led to their deaths. Paralytic ileus is a grave complication with a high mortality rate. It can be prevented by early and adequate administration of potassium. It is possible that some of the 210 outpatients in this study had transient diarrhea, cured themselves of it or took electrolytes which prevented complications from developing. The practice of dispensing "salts" to outpatient appear promising and should be encouraged.
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PMID:Oral rehydration in gastroenteritis in children. 476 71

In 1967 we admitted 339 cases of infantile gastroenteritis; one-third of these were dehydrated, and in this group the commonest biochemical abnormality found was hypernatraemia, sometimes with metabolic acidosis. A higher incidence of dehydration was found in the patients who had received oral glucose fluids before admission. EnteropathicEscherichia coliwere isolated from the faeces of 16% of the cases. Associated infections, especially of the respiratory tract, were common. Treatment was aimed at the restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. Usually this was achieved with oral fluids, though intravenous fluids were used in the most severely dehydrated cases. Recovery was complete in 320 cases and a further 14 cases were discharged as carriers of enteropathicE. coli. There were five deaths (1.5%) in the series; three occurred immediately after admission.
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PMID:A survey of infantile gastroenteritis. 491 93

The authors defended Dr. Kahn's and Dr. Blum's suggestion, reported in the May 17, 1980 issue of Lancet, that the formula for making GES (glucose electrolyte solution), used for the management of gastroenteritis, should be determined by the age and condition of the patients in each locality. They disagreed with the proposal of Dr. Clements, reported in the July 5, 1980 issue of Lancet, that all patients could be treated with a single solution, the UNICEF/WHO CES, or with a dilution of this single solution. Recent studies confirmed that there was considerable epidemiological variation in the type and degree of electrolyte disturbances among infants with gastroenteritis. Factors such as age, nutritional status, climate, and the type of pathagens were linked to different type of electrolyte disturbances. These differences should be taken into account in formulating the appropriate GES.
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PMID:UNICEF/W.H.O. glucose electrolyte solution not always appropriate. 610 62

In Singapore the World Health Organization's (WHO's) oral electrolyte solution for the treatment of infantile gastroenteritis has been used for 6 years and rice water has been used for 8 years. The rice water is the water used in preparing boiled rice or congee and is a slightly starchy solution. As the impression was that rice water was as effective as or even better than the oral electrolyte solution, a trial was conducted of the 2 solutions in babies with gastroenteritis admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the National University of Singapore. Alternate cases were assigned consecutively to the oral electrolyte solution or to rice water. There were 63 patients on oral electrolyte and 67 on rice water. Milk was totally withdrawn for 24 hours after admission and the babies were put on 1 or the other oral solution. Intravenous 3.75% glucose and 0.23% saline was given at the same time to babies considered to be more dehydrated. On day 2, quarter strength powdered milk was given, followed by half strength on day 3, three-quarters strength on day 4, and full strength on day 5. Electrolyte and urea values were compared, both for "drip" versus "no drip" within oral treatment groups and between electrolyte solution and rice water groups (20 comparisons altogether). There were only 3 significant differences, and these might be explained by the intravenous drip and by the better water absorption from rice water than from the oral electrolyte solution. The most obvious difference in the 2 groups was in the effect on diarrhea (stools/day). Rice water cut down the number of stools more effectively than did oral electrolyte solution. No patient died, and there were no pathological sequelae in any of the 130 patients. Rice water can be tried as a more practical alternative to oral electrolyte solutions since there are problems with providing oral elecrolyte solutions to all babies with diarrhea in the developing countries and ensuring sterility.
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PMID:Rice water in treatment of infantile gastroenteritis. 611 34

Gastrointestinal problems and, in particular, diarrhoeal illnesses are the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in Jordan. Children with diarrhea constitute about 20% of admissions to Jordan University Hospital (JUH). The aetiology of diarrhoea is multifactorial and bacterial pathogens are seldom isolated. Stool viruses have not been investigated. There is a steady fall in the prevalence of breast-feeding with a consequent increase in gastroenteritis, especially among the poor. The use of electrolyte solutions for oral rehydration therapy is encouraged, and the use of antibiotics in diarrhoeal illness is discouraged. The addition of sucrose instead of glucose to electrolyte solutions has also been adopted. Cow's milk protein intolerance, coeliac disease and chronic inflammatory bowel disease are rarely encountered. Hepatitis is common and is a major cause of morbidity among school children. Cystic fibrosis has been recognized in Jordan but is rare. JUH has been selected as the referral centre for cystic fibrosis in the Middle East.
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PMID:Gastroenterological problems in childhood in Jordan. 618 81


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