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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors conducted a double blind trial to determine how accurately the mothers made up the feeds provided them during the winter of 1976-77 as oral treatment for acute gastroenteritis. Parents of 73 children under 18 months of age who were suffering from acute gastroenteritis were given either sucrose (39) or glucose (34) to add to a carbohydrate electrolyte mixture. Of 36 mothers selected at random and asked how they made up the solutions, only 2 mothers appeared to sterilize or make up the feeds inadequately. The ranges of osmolality and electrolyte composition were wide: 145 to 360 mosmol/kg for the sucrose solution, and 192 to 600 for the glucose solutions. Correct osmolalities were 216 and 315 respectively. There was no correlation observed between variability and need for admission. Variance of osmolality was significantly greater in those who were admitted in the glucose-treated group (32%; p or = 0.01, F test), but not in the sucrose-treated group, suggesting that the risk of producing hyperosmolar feeds is greater when glucose solutions are incorrectly made up. Both groups had the same recovery time (2-6 days, mean 3.6) where outpatient treatment was successful. The data confirm the previous observation that sucrose was at least as effective as glucose. The authors now provide diluted electrolyte mixture to which parents only add sucrose. Sucrose mixture is effective, of low osmotic load, and is also relatively cheap. Its use in outpatient treatment of infantile acute gastroenteritis is recommended.
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PMID:Sucrose instead of glucose in electrolyte solutions. 7 79

Children repeatedly admitted to a Jamaican clinic with gastroenteritis associated with protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) were treated by oral glucose-electrolyte rehydration. Children were fed other food from the outset if they so requested. The solution was administer by cup and spoon, i.e., small amounts vs. bottle administration, frequently throughout the day and night. A simple solution, very inexpensive, is outlined and includes a 3-finger pinch of salt, a 3-finger pinch of sodium bicarbonate, and 2 teaspoons of potassium chloride dissolved in 100 cu. cm of water. In all, 16 children suffering from sporadic, unspecific diarrhea over a period of 9 months showed marked improvement of the condition within 1-2 days of cup and spoon rehydration.
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PMID:Cup and spoon rehydration of children with acute diarrhoea. 24 5

The recent epidemic of cholera on the Pacific Ocean atoll of Tarawa, Gilbert Islands renewed interest in the use of coconut water as a rehydration fluid. Fifty-one samples of coconut water from Tarawa were analysed for a variety of constituents to assess its potential usefulness in the oral and parenteral rehydration of patients with cholera and other severe forms of gastroenteritis. Compared to oral rehydration fluids known to be effective in cholera, coconut water was found to have adequate potassium and glucose content, however was relatively deficient in sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. The addition of table salt to the coconut water is suggested to compensate for the sodium and chloride deficiency. In areas of the world where coconuts are plentiful, the advantages of sterility, availability and acceptability make coconut water theoretically feasible for the oral rehydration of patients with severe gastroenteritis when conventional fluids are unavailable.
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PMID:Coconut water as a rehydration fluid. 29 Sep 21

Seventy-three children under the age of 18 months presenting with acute gastroenteritis were given an electrolyte mixture with added sucrose or glucose in a randomized double-blind trial. The time taken to recovery in those sucessfully treated as out-patients was identical. However, of the 34 who received glucose, 11 (32%) required admission compared with 7 (18%) of the 39 who received sucrose. There was a wide range of osmolality of the made-up feeds, indicating inaccuracy in diluting the solutions as prescribed, but this did not in general correlate with need for admission. Sucrose-electrolyte solution is at least as effective as a glucose-electrolyte solution for the out-patient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy. The cheapness and easy availability of sucrose commends its use in developed and developing countries.
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PMID:Comparison of oral sucrose and glucose electrolyte solutions in the out-patient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy. 36 31

This paper focuses on recent advances by the Indonesian Pediatric Gastroenterology in the field of diarrheal diseases: 1) the 'ROSE' system as the principle of treatment of diarrhea. It has been proven to be effective in reducing mortality rate of acute gastroenteritis, particularly cholera. R stands for rehydration, preferably with Ringer's lactate solution. O for Oralyte or oral glucose electrolyte, S for simultaneous rehydration (intravenously and orally), and E for educating parents in oral rehydration. 2) MCT and low lactose-containing formula in low birthweight infants give good to excellent results in improving fat malabsorption, elimination of diarrhea, and increase of body weight. 3) the use of the pediatric Enterotest duodenal capsule to study the upper intestinal microflora. The capsule consists of a number 1 size gelatin capsule (20 mm x 6 mm) containing a silicone rubber bag with an attached fine yarn line 90 cm long. The free end of the line is taped to the cheek and the patient swallows the capsule. After a certain period of time, the line is pulled out and intestinal secretions are scraped from the line and immediately examined under the microscope. Enterotest is particularly useful where radiologic examination is not available. 4) this report is the 1st to document virus particles in fecal specimens from Indonesian children, and suggests that viruses may be important etiological agents in diarrheal diseases in Indonesia, where malnutrition and diarrhea are important health problems.
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PMID:Recent advances in the Indonesian paediatric gastroenterology. 65 63

One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries is acute infantile gastroenteritis (the incidence in developing countries is estimated to be from 50-70% per 100 population per year). At the Dept. of Child Health Medical School, University of Indonesia, 50 patients (32 boys and 18 girls; average age, 8 months ) with acute infantile gastroenteritis with severe dehydration and acidosis were given parenteral treatment (Ringer's lactate or RL) for the 1st 8 hours. After 8 hours, the child was given oral solution, either glucose-electrolyte solution or mild formula in 1/4 dilutions. RL administration was excellent in 44 (88%) good in 2 (4%), and poor in 4 (8%). Three died, one due to encephalitis, one due to potassium deficiency, and the 3rd due to dehydration as the child was admitted in an already moribund state. It was concluded that the RL solution can be used in treating acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration and acidosis as a parenteral solution particularly in areas where there are limited facilities and choice of parenteral fluids.
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PMID:Treatment of acute infantile gastroenteritis dehydration acidosis with Ringer's lactate and glucose-electrolyte solution. 65 76

During a 3-month period, 35 pediatric patients with infantile acute gastroenteritis were treated with a premixed oral glucose electrolyte solution. The study group consisted of 17 boys and 18 girls with a mean age of 12.4 months (range of 5.5-20 months). 13 patients (37%) had mild dehydration, 16 (46%) had moderate dehydration, and 6 (17%) had normal hydration. 29 (83%( had isotonic dehydration and only 6 (17%) presented with hypotonic dehydration. Almost all of the patients were admitted for a hospital stay of 3 days and on discharge, all were in good condition. None developed severe dehydration or needed intravenous fluid treatment. The mean weight gain during hospitalization was 147 gm with a range of 100-400 gm. Unexpectedly, pathogenic bacteria organisms were discovered in 24 (68.7%) of the total cases, but all the children recovered very well with the oral electrolyte solution only without the need for antibiotics. From clinical, chemical, and other observations, it could be concluded that this ready-to-feed oral electrolyte solution can be used safely and effectively for the treatment of acute infantile gastroenteritis both with or without mild or moderate dehydration. No complications were observed in this study.
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PMID:An oral electrolyte solution (Pedialyte) in the treatment of acute infantile gastroenteritis. 70 26

To understand mechanisms of viral diarrhea further, we studied ileal ion transport in vitro in relation to mucosal changes and epithelial differentiation in transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets, an invasive viral enteritis thought to involve mainly proximal intestine. In infected pigs, at the height of diarrhea, short-circuited ileal epithelium failed actively to transport Na+ and Cl-, and there was a defect of glucose-mediated Na+ transport. The Cl- secretory response to theophylline remained intact. Conductance measurements indicate that paracellular permeability may be reduced and transcellular transport may be altered. A mucosal lesion was observed at the time of the transport changes, characterized by villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, and immature crypt-type enterocytes on the villus epithelium, deficient in disaccharidase and (Na+, K+)ATPase activity but rich in thymidine kinase. Consideration of the major determinants of diarrhea in this invasive enteritis must take into account not only altered mucosal function and differentiation but also the extent of intestinal involvement, including the ileum, a major site of fluid absorption in the intestine.
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PMID:Determinants of diarrhea in viral enteritis. The role of ion transport and epithelial changes in the ileum in transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets. 75 40

A study was made of 239 strains of enteropathogenic escherichia 0151:K-- isolated in various regions of the USSR from patients with the clinical diagnosis of dysentery, gastroenteritis, intestinal coli-infection: a standard strain of the international collection of escherichia belonging to the given serological group was also studied. There was shown an increase in the role of these microorganisms among the enteropathogenic escherichia recorded at the territory of the USSR; they occupied the third place by the frequency of isolation after the serological group 0124:K72 and 0111:K58. There was established a common nature of the enzymatic characteristics of escherichia 0151:K--with shigellae by the absence of lactose, sucrose, inosite, adonite fermentation, the presence of gasless, immobile variants containing no lysin decarboxylase, and a possibility of rapid differentiation from shigellae in the use of acetate medium. Among the escherichia 0151:K--there was revealed the presence of 5 biotypes by the capacity to gas-formation in glucose, arabinose, sorbit, dulcit fermentation, and decarboxylation of lysin and ornithin; three biotypes are described for the first time. Industrial issue of the agglutinating serum 0151:K--is necessary to provide the diagnosis of these microorganisms at the territory of the USSR.
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PMID:[Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic escherichia of serologic group 015:K]. 79 86

Sodium transport, mucosal structure, and epithelial enzymes were studied in piglets killed 10, 25, 40, 72, or 144 hr after infection with a standard dose of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Glucose-stimulated Na transport measured in short-circuited jejunal epithelium and suspensions of villous enterocytes became progressively more abnormal during the first 40 hr, but recovered completely by 144 hr. As Na transport deteriorated, jejunal mucosal villi shortened and crypts deepened; cells isolated from the villi became more crypt-like in their enzyme profile, with high levels of thymidine kinase and low levels of sucrase activity 40 hr after infection. At 40 hr, when diarrhea is severe, little if any virus has been found in the epithelium. Our data suggest that the relatively undifferentiated crypt type enterocytes on the villi constitute an important determinant of altered Na transport and diarrhea in this invasive viral enteritis.
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PMID:Transmissible gastroenteritis: sodium transport and the intestinal epithelium during the course of viral enteritis. 83 94


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