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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made of 239 strains of enteropathogenic escherichia 0151:K-- isolated in various regions of the USSR from patients with the clinical diagnosis of dysentery, gastroenteritis, intestinal coli-infection: a standard strain of the international collection of escherichia belonging to the given serological group was also studied. There was shown an increase in the role of these microorganisms among the enteropathogenic escherichia recorded at the territory of the USSR; they occupied the third place by the frequency of isolation after the serological group 0124:K72 and 0111:K58. There was established a common nature of the enzymatic characteristics of escherichia 0151:K--with shigellae by the absence of lactose, sucrose, inosite, adonite fermentation, the presence of gasless, immobile variants containing no lysin decarboxylase, and a possibility of rapid differentiation from shigellae in the use of acetate medium. Among the escherichia 0151:K--there was revealed the presence of 5 biotypes by the capacity to gas-formation in glucose, arabinose, sorbit, dulcit fermentation, and decarboxylation of lysin and ornithin; three biotypes are described for the first time. Industrial issue of the agglutinating serum 0151:K--is necessary to provide the diagnosis of these microorganisms at the territory of the USSR.
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PMID:[Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic escherichia of serologic group 015:K]. 79 86

A cellulose acetate membrane, jointly developed by the Institute of Dairy Research in Oranienburg and the Institute of Polymer Chemistry in Teltow, was successfully used to concentrate by factors between ten and 40 virus suspensions of transmissible gastroenteritis and foot and mouth disease with a protein level of roughly 0.1 per cent in a 400-ml cell with magnetic agitation. The procedure took about two hours, with working pressures being between 0.2 MPa and 0.4 MPa. Virus yield in the residue was 100 per cent. Good results were obtained also from virus-specific antigens and calibration proteins with molecular weights of somewhat in excess of 50,000 Dalton.
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PMID:[Concentration of viruses and virus-specific antigens by ultrafiltration with membranes developed in the GDR]. 625 95

A modified complement fixation test and a counter-immuno-electrophoresis on cellulose acetate were compared to electron microscopy, in detecting Rotavirus from stool specimens. Out of 75 samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis, 40 per cent yielded positive results. The main advantages of the above two methods in routine diagnosis are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnosis of human rotavirus infections: comparison of an electrophoretic method, a modified complement fixation test and electron microscopy for rotavirus detection. 626 29

In the human large intestine bifidobacteria are a numerically important group of micro-organisms which are considered to exert a range of biological activities related to host health. One aspect is the inhibitory effect of these bacteria on other species, possibly excluding long term colonization by invasive pathogens. It has been suggested that the mechanism of inhibition carried out by bifidobacteria is related to the fermentative production of acids such as acetate and lactate. Experiments reported in this paper attempted to address this theory. Co-culture experiments whereby Bifidobacterium infantis was incubated with Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, in a variety of fermentation systems, indicated that the bifidobacterium was able to exert an inhibitory effect not necessarily related to acid production. Further studies showed that eight species of bifidobacteria could variously excrete an anti-microbial substance with a broad spectrum of activity. Species belonging to the genera Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter and Shigella, as well as Vibrio cholerae, were all affected. These results show that bifidobacteria are able to exert more than one mechanism of inhibition, which may be of some importance with regard to protection against gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. 798 69

On the basis of biochemical, phenotypic, and 16S rRNA analysis, a novel gram-negative bacterium, isolated from normal and diarrheic dogs as well as humans with gastroenteritis, has been recently named Helicobacter canis. A 2-month-old female crossbred puppy was submitted to necropsy with a history of weakness and vomiting for several hours prior to death. The liver had multiple and slightly irregular yellowish foci up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Histologically, the liver parenchyma contained randomly distributed, occasionally coalescing hepatocellular necrosis, often accompanied by large numbers of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Sections of liver stained by the Warthin-Starry silver impregnation technique revealed spiral- to curve-shaped bacteria predominantly located in bile canaliculi and occasionally in bile ducts. Aerobic culture of liver was negative, whereas small colonies were noted on Campylobacter selective media after 5 days of microaerobic incubation. The bacteria were gram negative and oxidase positive but catalase, urease, and indoxyl acetate negative; nitrate was not reduced to nitrite, and the organism did not hydrolyze hippurate. The bacteria were also resistant to 1.5% bile. Electron microscopy revealed spiral-shaped bacteria with bipolar sheathed flagella. By 16S rRNA analysis, the organism was determined to be H. canis. This is the first observation of H. canis in active hepatitis in a dog and correlates with recent findings of Helicobacter hepaticus- and Helicobacter bilis-related hepatic disease in mice. Further studies are clearly warranted to ascertain whether H. canis-associated hepatitis is more widespread in canines as well as a cause of previously classified idiopathic liver disease in humans.
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PMID:Helicobacter canis isolated from a dog liver with multifocal necrotizing hepatitis. 888 May 4

During November 1992-November 1994 at Assiut University Hospital in Egypt, 120 of 240 fully lactating women requesting contraception during the second postpartum month chose the nomegestrol acetate contraceptive subdermal implant Uniplant, while the other 120 chose the copper-releasing IUD CuT 380A. This prospective, non-randomized study evaluated the use of Uniplant during lactation. The mothers and their infants were followed-up once a month for 3 months and then every 2 months up to the infants' first birthday. Neither group experienced a pregnancy. Women in the Uniplant group were less likely to have resumed menstruation at 12 months postpartum than those in the IUD group (38% vs. 63%; p 0.001). The 12-month net continuation rates were statistically similar (88.3% for Uniplant users and 92.4% for IUD users). Reasons for IUD discontinuation were infant death (6), lost to follow up (5), irregular bleeding (2), and depression (1). Reasons for Uniplant discontinuation were lost to follow up (4), irregular bleeding (2), moving to a distant residence (2), and infant death (1). The 2 groups were similar in terms of breast feeding episodes, time of weaning, and the cumulative rates of full and partial breast feeding. Health problems (diarrhea, fever, and cough) affected the infants of both groups at similar incidence rates. The infants in both groups had similar weight, weight gain per day, and linear growth. Six of the 7 infant deaths occurred in the Uniplant group. The difference in the infant death rate was not significantly different, however. Gastroenteritis was responsible for 5 infant deaths. Bronchopneumonia and unexplained convulsion claimed the life of 1 infant each. These findings suggest that Uniplant is an acceptable and effective contraceptive method during lactation and has no adverse effect on infant growth and health.
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PMID:The use of nomegestrol acetate subdermal contraceptive implant, uniplant, during lactation. 893 61

Although Salmonella gastroenteritis usually is a fairly mild and self-limiting disease, serious complications are sometimes seen. We present a case that was further complicated by treatment with enalapril. We recommend discontinuation of treatment with ACE inhibitors in patients with any kind of ongoing gastroenteritis with fluid loss in order to prevent a potentially serious outcome.
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PMID:[A complicated course of Salmonella gastroenteritis during antihypertensive treatment]. 1101 43

From 1997 to 1999 seven isolates of Campylobacter-like organisms from five patients that were exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis, including fever, stomach malaise, and diarrhea, were investigated. The organisms were isolated from stool samples and found to exhibit a diverse colony morphology; hence multiple isolates were submitted from one of the patients. All isolates were found to be identical. The organisms were catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate negative but oxidase and indoxyl acetate positive. They grew at 37 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C, and three of the isolates from two different patients were sensitive to nalidixic acid and cephalothin. Full 16S rRNA sequence analysis not only grouped these organisms within the Helicobacter genus but also differentiated them from previously identified Helicobacter species. The closest relative by phylogenetic analysis was Helicobacter sp. flexispira taxon 1. Electron microscopy showed that these isolates had one or two bipolar flagella; however, the periplasmic fibers, a characteristic of the known Helicobacter sp. flexispira taxa, were not observed. The present isolates also lacked a flagellar sheath, a trait shared with four other Helicobacter spp., H. canadensis, H. mesocricetorum, H. pullorum, and H. rodentium. On the basis of the unique phenotypic properties of these isolates and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, we propose the classification of a new Helicobacter species, Helicobacter winghamensis sp. nov.
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PMID:Helicobacter winghamensis sp. nov., a novel Helicobacter sp. isolated from patients with gastroenteritis. 1142 47

Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Australia, with 15,008 notifications in 2004. This represents only a small fraction of the total cases of Campylobacter. Despite this, outbreaks are rarely reported. This report describes the investigation of an outbreak of campylobacteriosis following a restaurant meal in the Australian Capital Territory. The outbreak was identified by a general practitioner who notified the Health Protection Service, ACT Health. A retrospective cohort investigation of the 27 work colleagues who attended lunch at the restaurant was conducted. Eleven cases were identified with two culture positive for Campylobacter. An association between eating several dishes containing chicken was identified. This outbreak highlights the important identified risk for Campylobacter infection from commercially prepared chicken. It also demonstrates the important role of clinicians in notifying disease outbreaks.
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PMID:Campylobacter outbreak due to chicken consumption at an Australian Capital Territory restaurant. 1712 Apr 92

Rotaviruses Are associated with gastroenteritis in human infants and the young of many species. In this study, we analysed the circulating strains of human rotavirus isolated from young children in Abidjan by electrophoresis of the viral RNA genome in agarose gels. Rotavirus strains were identified in 33 children less than two years of age in the Yopougon district of Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. Viral RNA was extracted from the stools by phenol-chloroform treatment at 56 degrees C, followed by centrifugation at 12 OOOrpm. The electrophoresis was performed in 1.5 % agarose gels stained with 5 % ethidium bromide and Tris-acetate as the running buffer. Ten ul of each sample was loaded onto the gels which were run at lOOv for 30min. In total, 17 of the 33 specimens yielded an RNA electropherotype. Seven different RNA profiles were observed with 14 (82.4% ) long profiles and 3 (17%) short profiles. These RNA profiles represented the group A rotavirus pattern. No mixed infections were seen. There was no correlation between the age and sex of the patient with the RNA electropherotype. Serogroup A rotaviruses were the principle strains circulating in this study. Further characterization of these strains at the subgroup and serotype level will be conducted.
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PMID:Electropherotypes of Rotaviruses in Children less than 5 years old in Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire in 1997. 1765 45


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