Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 2-year period from January 1988 to December 1989, 125 patients (68 boys, 57 girls), aged 30 days to 9 years, were diagnosed as rotavirus gastroenteritis at this hospital. Diagnosis was made by identification of the rotavirus antigen in stool samples by latex agglutination assay. Ninety-nine (79.2%) of them were under 2 years of age. The seasonal peak in incidence was from January to March. The most common clinical characteristics were watery diarrhea (100%), followed by vomiting (68.8%), fever (68.0%), cough (42.4%), rhinorrhea (17.6%), convulsions (6.4%) and moderate to severe dehydration (1.6%). Fecal occult blood was positive in 4 patients and fecal leukocytes were positive in one patient. Stool cultures revealed concomitant infections with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 4 patients. Of the 106 patients who underwent serum electrolyte examinations, serum sodium concentrations ranged from 135-145 meq/L in 81.9% (86/106) and serum potassium concentrations ranged from 3.5-5.0 meq/L in 86.8% (92/106). Leukocyte counts greater than 15,000/mm3 were found in 10.8% (13/120) of the patients. All 125 patients recovered from the diarrheal illness on follow-up. Our results showed a different seasonal distribution of this disease from that of a previous observation between 1983-1984 in Taipei City and provides original clinical information on rotavirus gastroenteritis in children living in an area of Taipei County. Using the simple and rapid latex agglutination assay, we can make early diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Thus, early treatment and early isolation of patients to prevent nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients is possible.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children: a clinical study of 125 patients in Hsin-Tien area. 206 88

The infectivity of virulent strain, not attenuated strain, of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine could be enhanced as much as 50-fold by pancreatin incorporated medium. The mechanism(s) of enhancement was uncertained. Multiplication of TGEV, either virulent or attenuated strain, was inhibited by intestinal fluid of both TGEV infected and noninfected piglets. Pelleting virus particles from intestine fluid was likely to remove all inhibitors and resulted in facilitating the isolation of the virus by using swine testicle (ST) cell line. These findings contribute to the practical application in the isolation and identification of TGEV and in the preparation of high titred virus stocks.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1983 Sep
PMID:Influence of infectivity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine by pancreatin and some unknown factors. 609 19

An enzymatic activity which incorporates [3H]UMP into acid-precipitable material in the presence of endogenous template was found in the cytoplasm of porcine cells infected with the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine. This activity was not found in uninfected control cells, nor was it found in purified virus. The activity was associated with the mitochondrial fraction of infected cells, suggesting that the enzyme is membrane bound. The activity required the presence of all three ribonucleoside triphosphates in addition to [3H]UTP, and it was not inhibited by actinomycin D. The heated product was digested by RNase but not by DNase. Mg2+ was required for enzymatic activity, and its optimal concentration was approximately 5 mM. The size of the in vitro products was compared by electrophoresis with that of in vivo-synthesized virus-specified RNA to confirm the viral specificity of the polymerase activity. Virus-specified RNA from infected cells consisted of 10 species of single-stranded, polyadenylated RNA with molecular weights of 6.8 X 10(6), 6.2 X 10(6), 3.15 X 10(6), 1.40 X 10(6), 1.05 X 10(6), 0.94 X 10(6), 0.66 X 10(6), 0.39 X 10(6), 0.34 X 10(6), and 0.24 X 10(6). In vitro synthesized RNA consisted of a high-molecular-weight species, of apparently higher molecular weight than genomic RNA, and two single-stranded species that electrophoretically comigrated with the species of 1.40 X 10(6) and 0.66 X 10(6) molecular weight made in vivo.
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PMID:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in coronavirus- infected cells. 628 35

A total of 124 fresh seafoods and 158 processed seafoods collected from the retail markets and supermarkets in Taipei were tested for the contamination with motile Aeromonas spp. Of the fresh seafoods analyzed, 88% displayed the presence of Aeromonas. The isolation rates of various samples were as follows: 100%, freshwater fish; 95%, seawater fish; 78%, fish fillets; 84%, shrimp and crab of the crustacea group; 83%, bivalve shellfish and 84%, non-bivalve shellfish of the mollusca group, and 100%, seaweed. Of the 158 processed seafoods, 11% were contaminated by Aeromonas. The isolation rates were as follows: 0%, canned, dried, or frozen fresh seafood; 18%, salted seafood; 30%, fish cake; 7% vacuum-packaged fish cakes; 14%, frozen seafood dumplings; 8%, cooked seafoods. One hundred and eighty-three Aeromonas strains isolated in this survey were characterized to species level and tested for their ability to produce beta-hemolysin. Ninety-eight percent (98%) of the A. hydrophila produced beta-hemolysin on 5% blood agar, 94% of the A. sobria and 33% of the A. caviae produced beta-hemolysin. Thus it is likely that fresh seafoods are potentially significant sources of the virulent Aeromonas species and may play an important role in the epidemiology of Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1993 May
PMID:Isolation and characterization of Aeromonas from seafoods in Taipei. 799 79

From September 1994 to April 1995, we encountered eight children, two boys and six girls, (aged 1 year 6 months to 9 years), presented with acute diarrhea followed by afebrile, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or transient loss of consciousness with urine incontinence. Their biochemical data, including serum electrolyte levels, were within normal limits. The infective agent causing diarrhea was later proved by stool examination to be rotavirus, judged to be serotype G1 by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) typing. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations performed in seven of the eight patients were within normal limits, and cultures for bacteria and virus were negative. The electroencephalograms (EEGs) performed from 1 to 13 days after seizure showed abnormal in six, and normal in two, patients. Follow-up EEGs, performed from 4 to 11 months after onset of seizure, were all normal. None had seizure recurrence despite the fact that no long-term anticonvulsant had been given. From observation here, the authors emphasize that there is a close relationship between rotavirus and afebrile seizure, and the course of afebrile seizure following rotavirus gastroenteritis is usually benign. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with afebrile seizure in childhood. 875 76

In this review of the protective properties of human breast milk, a new perspective is taken to underscore the passive and active protection properties of breast milk in providing specific protection against selective gastrointestinal disease affecting the neonate and preterm infant. The normal protective properties of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier (immunologic and nonimmunologic) are considered as is the development of barriers to antigen absorption in the immature infant human intestine as a background for considering three accelerated gastrointestinal diseases-necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal allergy, and bacterial gastroenteritis. In each of these conditions, the developmental protective defect is considered and the role of breast milk plays in filling the protective void discussed. Besides considering passive protection of breast milk including the new roles assigned to nutrients such as lactoferrin and nucleotides, and importance of active substances in breast milk such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones are discussed in the context of actively stimulating the infant's own intestinal defenses to function as a protective barrier. Future studies at the cellular and molecular level should be helpful in designing both preventative and treatment strategies to deal with these diseases.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Breast milk and the prevention of neonatal and preterm gastrointestinal disease states: a new perspective. 940 Nov 74

Norovirus (NoV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes acute gastroenteritis and is responsible for 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. No effective vaccine or treatment is available. Recent studies have shown that the nucleoside analogs favipiravir (T-705) and 2'-C-methyl-cytidine (2CM-C) inhibit NoV replication in vitro and in animal models, but their precise mechanism of action is unknown. We evaluated the molecular interactions between nucleoside triphosphates and NoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NoVpol), the enzyme responsible for replication and transcription of NoV genomic RNA. We found that T-705 ribonucleoside triphosphate (RTP) and 2CM-C triphosphate (2CM-CTP) equally inhibited human and mouse NoVpol activities at concentrations resulting in 50% of maximum inhibition (IC50s) in the low micromolar range. 2CM-CTP inhibited the viral polymerases by competing directly with natural CTP during primer elongation, whereas T-705 RTP competed mostly with ATP and GTP at the initiation and elongation steps. Incorporation of 2CM-CTP into viral RNA blocked subsequent RNA synthesis, whereas T-705 RTP did not cause immediate chain termination of NoVpol. 2CM-CTP and T-705 RTP displayed low levels of enzyme selectivity, as they were both recognized as substrates by human mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The level of discrimination by the human enzyme was increased with a novel analog of T-705 RTP containing a 2'-C-methyl substitution. Collectively, our data suggest that 2CM-C inhibits replication of NoV by acting as a classic chain terminator, while T-705 may inhibit the virus by multiple mechanisms of action. Understanding the precise mechanism of action of anti-NoV compounds could provide a rational basis for optimizing their inhibition potencies and selectivities.
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PMID:Biochemical Evaluation of the Inhibition Properties of Favipiravir and 2'-C-Methyl-Cytidine Triphosphates against Human and Mouse Norovirus RNA Polymerases. 2639 12