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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strains of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus possessing different pathogenicity were examined for stability to digestive enzymes and acid, and growth at various temperatures. In growth experiments, virus titer obtained at 37 degrees C were about equal between attenuated and virulent strains, but titers attained by the attenuated strain were higher at 30 degrees C. The attenuated virus multiplied at 28 degrees C, but the virulent virus did not at this temperature. The virulent virus was significantly stable to trypsin and pepsin, but the attenuated virus was inactivated rapidly by these proteolytic enzymes. No significant differences were observed in stability to acid between the attenuated and virulent strains. At different pH, both lost their infectivity more rapidly at 37 degrees C than at 22 degrees C.
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PMID:Comparison of properties between virulent and attenuated strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 0 84

High titres of neutralizing activity to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine coronavirus, were found in sera and peritoneal fluids from cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). A small proportion of cats, from a hospital population unaffected by FIP, also had neutralising activity. Procedures to remove non-specific viral inhibitors, including treatment by heat inactivation, trypsin, sulphydryl reagent and kaolin absorption were unsuccessful. The active component was unable to neutralise another porcine coronavirus, haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus or the porcine enterovirus, Talfan. Gel filtration of feline sera and peritoneal fluid demonstrated high levels of the neutralising activity in the area corresponding to 7S IgG, which could be removed by absorption with specific anti-IgG serum and these properties are suggested to be consistent with those of antibody. These findings imply that there is a coronavirus in cats which is antigenically related to TGEV and its possible nature is discussed.
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PMID:Detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralising antibody in cats. 20 Feb 3

Two isolates of porcine rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) were isolated and passaged in primary procine kidney cell cultures. Viral infectivity for cells was monitored by immunofluorescence because viral cytopathic effect was moderate. Successful passage of virus in cell culture required that viral suspensions obtained from infected cell cultures be treated with pancreatin prior to inoculation onto cell monolayers. Porcine rotavirus passage in cell culture also was accomplished, using trypsin treatments in lieu of pancreatin treatments. Porcine rotavirus passaged 10 times in cell culture infected gnotobiotic pigs and caused diarrhea. Gnotobiotic pigs that recovered from this infection were resistant to challenge exposure with porcine rotavirus but were susceptible to challenge exposure with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. As determined by immunofluorescent cross reactions, porcine rotavirus was found to be antigenically related to the human and bovine rotaviruses but not to reovirus type 3 or to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
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PMID:Cell culture propagation of porcine rotavirus (reovirus-like agent). 20 Nov 98

In the present study, virus isolation was attempted in one hundred and twenty-one fecal samples of children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Virus isolation was performed either conventionally by examination of cytopathogenic effect (CPE) or by immunoperoxidase staining (IPS) of rotavirus group specific antigen (inner capsid) in trypsin free MA104 cells within 18 h. Applying the conventional technique, rotavirus was isolated in only 4 (3.3%) fecal specimens. In contrast, IPS detected infectious virus in 49 (40.5%) stool samples. The specificity of IPS was confirmed by the results obtained with an antigen detection ELISA ("Rotazyme", Abbott, Wiesbaden) and gel electrophoresis of rotaviral RNA (electrophoretyping). ELISA and RNA gel electrophoresis detected rotavirus in 66 (54.4%) and 56 (46.3%) stool samples respectively. IPS enables rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infections in cell cultures applied to detect infectious viral particles in order to be used in the investigation of nosocomial outbreaks, material- and surface contamination and evaluation of disinfectants.
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PMID:[The detection of infectious rotaviruses by cell culture technique: use and evaluation of the immunoperoxidase assay]. 131 52

Rotavirus requires specific proteolytic activation by trypsin for efficient replication in tissue culture. To observe the nature of intestinal proteolytic activation of rotavirus in vivo, metabolically labeled rhesus rotavirus (RRV) grown in the presence of trypsin inhibitors was administered to adult and 10-d-old suckling mice by gavage. In the adult stomach, vp4 was cleaved in a manner distinct from in vitro trypsin cleavage. In the suckling stomach, RRV vp4 remains largely uncleaved. The alternative cleavage in the adult stomach was associated with a profound decrease in viral infectivity. vp4 from RRV recovered from the suckling small intestinal lumen was cleaved in a pattern similar or identical to in vitro trypsin-activated virus with bands comigrating with vp5* and vp8*. In contrast, vp4 was not observed in any recognizable form in RRV recovered from adult intestines. Comparison of infectivity of virus recovered from suckling and adult intestines revealed a 10,000-fold decrease in titer in the virus recovered from the adult intestine. In vitro digestions of RRV revealed that pepsin digestion can cleave RRV vp4 and markedly enhance acid-induced loss of rotavirus infectivity. Subsequent digestion with chymotrypsin removes most of the pepsin cleavage products of vp4. Virus injected directly into jejunal loops of adult mice and virus administered orally to adult mice pretreated with antiacid drugs retained infectivity. These studies indicate the development of gastric acid and pepsin secretion may be an important host defense factor in rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Molecular basis of age-dependent gastric inactivation of rhesus rotavirus in the mouse. 131 23

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was isolated in Vero cell cultures from the small intestine of a piglet experimentally infected with porcine coronavirus 83P-5, that had been isolated during outbreaks of porcine acute diarrhea and passaged in piglets. The isolation of the PEDV was successful only in Vero cells maintained in the maintenance medium (MM) containing trypsin. Infected Vero cell cultures exhibited CPE characterized by cell-fusion and syncytial formation, as well as cytoplasmic fluorescence when examined by the indirect immunofluorescent test using rabbit anti-83P-5 virus serum. The isolate was adapted to serial propagation in Vero cell cultures by adding trypsin to MM. Vero cell-adapted PEDV was successfully propagated in the MA104, CPK and ESK cell lines in the presence of trypsin in MM. Vero cell-adapted PEDV had morphologic and physicochemical characteristics similar to those of other members of the coronaviridae. The isolate differed serologically from porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis viruses, and no antigenic relationship between the isolate and TGE virus could be detected by the indirect immunofluorescent test. Attempts to isolate PEDV in 6 types of primary fetal pig cell cultures and 6 of 10 established cell lines resulted in the failure, probably because these cells were damaged by the action of trypsin.
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PMID:Isolation and serial propagation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in cell cultures and partial characterization of the isolate. 131 52

Peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody against rotavirus group-specific antigen (inner capsid) was used for the detection of rotavirus by immunoperoxidase staining (IPS) in trypsin-free MA104 cells within 18 h post-inoculation with clinical specimens. One hundred and twenty-one fecal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis were evaluated by IPS, conventional virus isolation in cell culture and a commercially available group A-antigen ELISA (Rotazyme II, Abbott Laboratories). Fifty-eight (47.9%) stool samples were found positive by IPS. In contrast, rotavirus was isolated from only 4 (3.3%) fecal specimens by conventional cell culture (i.e. demonstration of a cytopathogenic effect). A total of 93 (76.9%) samples were positive by ELISA. IPS permits rapid detection of rotavirus infections and detects shedding of infectious virus. The method should be useful for the investigation of nosocomial spread of rotavirus infection in hospitals, contamination of environmental surfaces and desinfectants.
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PMID:Improvement of rotavirus isolation in the cell culture by immune peroxidase staining. 132 69

A new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus was isolated from the lungs of pigs experiencing respiratory problems in 7 different swine herds in Quebec. Pigs of different ages were affected, and the main clinical signs were fever, dyspnea, and abdominal respiration. Coughing was not a constant finding of the syndrome. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions included the overall appearance of pale animals, general lymphadenopathy, hepatic congestion, and consolidation of the lungs. Histopathologic findings were mainly proliferative pneumonia with a significant macrophage invasion, necrotic inflammatory cells in the alveoli and the airways, a marked proliferation of type II pneumocytes, and thickening of the alveolar septae. Fluorescent antibody examination of lungs of sick piglets did not demonstrate porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, or encephalomyocarditis virus. However, evidence of the presence of an influenza type A infection was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining using monoclonal antibody directed to nucleocapsid protein (NP) of human type A influenza virus. The virus was isolated either by intra-allantoic inoculation of specific-pathogen-free embryonating hens' eggs or propagation in canine kidney (MDCK) cells in the presence of trypsin. By hemagglutination inhibition tests, no cross-reactivity was demonstrated with human influenza H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 strains, and infected MDCK cells did not react by IIF with monoclonal antibodies to NP protein of type B influenza virus. The hemagglutination activity of plaque-purified isolates was only partly inhibited by hyperimmune serum produced to subtypes A/Wisconsin/76/H1N1 and A/New Jersey/76/H1N1 of swine influenza virus. Gnotobiotic piglets that were infected intranasally with egg-adapted isolates of this new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus developed the very same type of lesions observed in field cases.
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PMID:Antigenic variant of swine influenza virus causing proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in pigs. 133 15

Astroviruses are nonenveloped particles with a distinctive star-shaped surface structure that have been detected by electron microscopy in stool samples from humans and animals with gastroenteritis. We examined the patterns of macromolecular synthesis in astrovirus-infected cells with a goal of establishing a molecular basis for taxonomic classification. Trypsin is required for continuous replication of astrovirus in cultured cells; however, during a single cycle of infection, astrovirus antigen was synthesized earlier and at higher levels when serum, rather than trypsin, was included in the growth medium. This enhanced production of antigen, as measured by enzyme immunoassay, was accompanied by the appearance of aggregates of virus particles in the cytoplasm of infected cells. During astrovirus replication in cells cultured in the presence of serum, we detected a single infection-specific protein (90 kDa) beginning at 12 h postinfection. This protein was recognized by antiastrovirus rabbit serum and was sensitive to trypsin digestion in vitro, with the concomitant appearance of three smaller immunoreactive proteins (31, 29, and 20 kDa). We also detected two dactinomycin-resistant RNAs (7.2 and 2.8 kb), both of which were polyadenylated, in the cytoplasm of astrovirus-infected cells. The larger of these two RNAs is presumably the viral genome, whereas the smaller species may be a subgenomic messenger. Comparison of the proteins and RNAs synthesized in astrovirus-infected cells with those of the recognized families of nonenveloped single-stranded RNA animal viruses suggests that astroviruses should not be classified as members of either Caliciviridae or Picornaviridae.
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PMID:Temporal synthesis of proteins and RNAs during human astrovirus infection of cultured cells. 198 73

1. Bolesatine is a toxic protein (LD50 oral 3.3 mg/kg in mice) isolated from the mushroom Boletus satanas Lenz, which inhibits protein synthesis in vitro. It induces gastroenteritis in human. 2. 14C-Bolesatine, given orally to rats (30 micrograms/kg), is distributed in the gastrointestinal, tract, kidney, liver and, to a lesser extent, in the thymus, spleen and lung. Bolesatine is eliminated in faeces and urine (80% in 24h). 3. The material excreted in urine is not proteolysed, and no protease (trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, proteinase K, Staphylococcus aureus (strain V8) protease and pepsin) is found to hydrolyse bolesatine in either its native or denatured form. However, thermolysin hydrolysed denatured bolesatine to a protein having a Mr of about 55 kD. 4. Bolesatine is found in all the following rat liver and kidney subcellular fractions: cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, microsomes and nuclei.
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PMID:Disposition of the toxic protein, bolesatine, in rats: its resistance to proteolytic enzymes. 200 68


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