Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study records our experience with 40 infants who developed acute renal failure in a tropical environment over a period of 2 years. All the patients required intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Septicaemia (88%) and acute gastroenteritis (55%) constituted the leading causes of acute renal failure. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome was present in six (18%) patients. An elevated serum creatinine (85%), metabolic encephalopathy (75%), uncompensated metabolic acidosis (75%) and hyperkalaemia (48%) were the major indications for dialysis, while fluid overload was present in only 18% of the infants. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was used in all the patients and was found to be effective. Procedural complications were minor and infrequently encountered. The clinical course and laboratory data consistent with haemolytic uraemic syndrome was observed in six patients, and acute tubular necrosis was the predominant renal lesion in the remainder. Mortality was 75%. The aetiology of acute renal failure in infants in the tropics differs significantly from that in the West, and even within a given country marked regional variations exist.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989
PMID:Acute renal failure in infants in the tropics. 250 74

SRSV, astrovirus in tvirus and HAV genomes were detected by RT-PCR in naturally grown oysters (total 112) collected in Chiba City bay, Japan, through a year from April, 1997 to March, 1998 and genogroup was typed by sequencing. SRSV positive products were detected by RT-PCR from 28 out of 112 oysters and all of them were grouped into G-II by sequencing. The highest incidence was observed in February, 1998. Furthermore, astrovirus positive products were detected sporadically from 15 out of 112 samples and the highest incidence was observed in January, 1998. On the other hand, HAV was detected from only 2 out of 112 and no adenovirus positive product was detected. The results indicated that both SRSV and astrovirus were predominantly distributed into naturally grown oysters in the winter season. SRSV and astrovirus seem to contribute mainly to the food-born outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurred by eating contaminated oysters as causative agents.
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PMID:[Detection of HAV, SRSV and astrovirus genomes from native oysters in Chiba City, Japan]. 1042 45

Venous mapping using venography has been considered to be the gold standard for identifying veins suitable for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. By utilizing a radiocontrast medium, however, venography introduces the risk of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. The risk of this complication in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population has not been previously studied. Twenty-five consecutive patients (CKD stage 4 and 5) undergoing venography were enrolled in this study. Patients were advised not to fast for the procedure and were encouraged to take oral fluids. Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy was defined as a 20% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the baseline value at 48 hours after contrast administration. Weekly telephone calls were made for a total of 4 weeks to assess the need for dialysis. Venography was performed by interventional nephrology using 10-20 cc of low osmolarity contrast medium. Data were collected prospectively. Median age was 48.9 +/- 7.8 years and 52% of the patients had diabetes. Complete sets of pre- and postprocedure GFRs were available in 21 patients. At 48 hours, there were no differences between the pre- and postprocedure GFRs. At the third week, one patient developed flu-like symptoms with severe gastroenteritis and was hospitalized for volume depletion. This patient initiated dialysis during the hospital stay. We conclude that at 48 hours, our cohort did not develop radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. During the 4-week phone call follow-up, only one patient needed dialysis. Large-scale studies with a longer follow-up using GFR estimation are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Semin Dial
PMID:Venous mapping using venography and the risk of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. 1593 71

Norovirus infection is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. In immunocompetent subjects, norovirus infection is a self-limiting disease of short duration. The present report provides first evidence that norovirus can cause chronic infection in renal transplant recipients. Two patients showed persisting norovirus excretion for >7 months and 3 months, respectively. The first patient was asymptomatic after an acute episode of gastroenteritis and eliminated the virus spontaneously. The second patient developed severe symptomatic chronic infection with diffuse abdominal discomfort, fever, transient transplant dysfunction, recurrent episodes of diarrhoea, weight loss and histological signs of chronic intestinal inflammation. Norovirus elimination and relief of symptoms occurred only after reduction of immunosuppression. Thus, norovirus can evoke asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic infection in renal transplant recipients. Norovirus should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of both acute and chronic diarrhoea after transplantation. Reduction of immunosuppression may be indicated to allow virus elimination in symptomatic cases.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009 Mar
PMID:Chronic norovirus infection in renal transplant recipients. 1907 55

Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) are essential due to the risk of intellectual disability caused by repeated episodes of dehydration and rapid rehydration. Timely genetic testing for disease-causing variants in the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene is possible in at-risk newborns with a known family history of X-linked CNDI. In this study, a Swedish male with no family history was diagnosed with CNDI at 6 months of age during an episode of gastroenteritis. We analyzed the coding regions of AVPR2 by PCR and direct DNA sequencing and identified an 80-bp duplication in exon 2 (GenBank NM_000054.4; c.800_879dup) in the proband. This variant leads to a frameshift and introduces a stop codon four codons downstream (p.Ala294Profs*4). The variant gene product either succumbs to nonsense-mediated decay or is translated to a truncated nonfunctional vasopressin V2 receptor. This variant was absent in four unaffected family members, including his parents, as well as in 100 alleles from healthy controls, and is thus considered a novel de novo disease-causing variant. Identification of the disease-causing variant facilitated precise diagnosis of CNDI in the proband. Furthermore, it allows future genetic counseling in the family. This case study highlights the importance of genetic testing in sporadic infant cases with CNDI that can occur due to de novo variants in AVPR2 or several generations of female transmission of the disease-causing variant.
Case Rep Nephrol Dial
PMID:Novel de novo AVPR2 Variant in a Patient with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. 2917 55

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is primarily a disease of childhood. It occurs after upper respiratory tract infection or skin infections. Streptococcus is the most common causative agent, but in the elderly, staphylococcus is the main culprit. In adults, PIGN is more common in immunocompromised patients, particularly diabetics and alcoholics. Here, we report the case of an elderly diabetic male who presented with severe acute kidney injury with active urinary sediment after acute gastroenteritis. Additional analyses revealed a very low serum C3 level and a normal serum C4 level. Renal biopsy showed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents. Direct immunofluorescence showed mesangial and capillary wall staining for C3 and IgG (2+, mesangial and segmental capillary wall, granular). Renal electron microscopy showed subepithelial hump-like electron-dense deposits. The role of steroid in the treatment of PIGN is controversial and there is no standard protocol, but our patient responded very well to steroid as he did not require hemodialysis after 2 weeks of initiation of steroid therapy. We should be aware of an atypical presentation of PIGN in elderly to ensure correct diagnosis.
Case Rep Nephrol Dial
PMID:Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis with Crescents in an Elderly Diabetic Patient after Acute Gastroenteritis: Case Report. 3119 29