Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sugar intolerance is a common problem in paediatric practice. The usual type is lactose intolerance following gastroenteritis, but it may also occur in a wide variety of disorders of the small bowel. Diagnosis depends upon identification of reducing substances in the stools. An approach to dietary management of lactose intolerance is given and use of a carbohydrate-free formula in secondary monosaccharide intolerance is described. In each situation, threshold for digestion or absorbtion of carbohydrate is approached gradually from below, and overflow detected by Clinitest stool testing.
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PMID:Management of sugar intolerance in children. 106 91

The efficacy of the Paratect Flex-Bolus for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves was evaluated in a field experiment in the Swiss midland region. The bolus was administered to 9 first year grazing calves at 4 to 5 months of age before turnout on June 26 while 9 calves remained as untreated controls. Both groups were rotated between 8 paddocks that had been pregrazed by older cattle in spring. For a period of 12 weeks the faecal egg output of the treated calves was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the controls, whereas no significant differences were observed in the mean serum pepsinogen values of both groups. At the end of the experiment (November 14) the bolus-treated calves showed a 4 kg weight gain advantage over the controls which was not significant. The mild infection levels in both groups were probably due to the low pasture contamination with infective larvae throughout the season which most likely resulted from the late turnout of the calves. An outbreak of dictyocaulosis was observed in both groups in October and confirmed that the Paratect Flex-Bolus provides insufficient protection against this infection.
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PMID:[Control of gastrointestinal strongylids in first year calves: use of Paratect Flex bolus at late pasture turnout]. 143 6

A grazing experiment was performed in the Swiss midland region with 22 first-season calves which were grazed together from May to mid July when they were allocated to two equal groups, one receiving a morantel sustained-release trilaminate bolus (Paratect Flex) bolus, Pfizer, Zurich, Switzerland) and the other one remaining as an untreated control. Each group was moved to a clean pasture on 21 July. The larval contamination on the pasture with the control animals reached 4652 third stage larvae (L3) per kilogram of dry matter (L3 kg-1 DM) after 10 weeks. Parasitic gastroenteritis was observed in two calves of the control group in August, and mean serum pepsinogen levels exceeded 4000 mU tyrosine in this group in September. Eggs from Ostertagia sp. and Cooperia sp. that were excreted by the animals at the beginning of July and the end of August showed similar hatching rates of 94% and 99%, respectively. In the calves of the bolus group the egg output was reduced by 95% within 14 days of administration of the bolus. Larval contamination on the pasture of the bolus group was zero until the beginning of September when a slight increase occurred, reaching 793 L3 kg-1 DM in October. At the end of the trial the bolus-treated calves had a mean weight gain advantage of 18 kg (P < 0.05) compared with the controls. The results confirm that a second generation of larvae developed on pasture in August and September and caused parasitic gastroenteritis in first-year grazing calves in late summer. The relevance of the results for the prophylaxis of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves in mixed grazing systems with calves and older cattle is discussed.
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PMID:Epidemiology of trichostrongylidosis in cattle: development of infective larvae in the second part of the grazing period and their contribution to infections in the same year. 148 12

From winter 1989 to spring 1990, a severe epidemic caused by influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses developed in Japan. During the epidemic (December 1989 to February 1990), 244 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of Nippon Kokan Hospital: 53 (21.7%) were hospitalized with influenza virus infection, 22 (9.0%) with rotavirus gastroenteritis, and 17 (7.0%) with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Among those with influenza, 24 had type A and 29 had type B. Most were young healthy children without underlying illnesses (mean age, 4.8 +/- 3.4 years). The impact of the influenza epidemic on pediatric hospitalization is probably much greater than generally thought when a severe epidemic occurs.
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PMID:Impact of influenza virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization. 173 Sep 4

Diarrheal diseases constitute a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe. Since 1982, it has been the policy in Zimbabwe to use home-based Salt Sugar Solution (SSS) as standard Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) therapy for both prevention and management of dehydration. The recommended formula is incomplete, lacking both potassium and bicarbonate. It may not, therefore, be as efficacious as complete ORS for the prevention or correction of hypokalemia and acidosis during diarrhea. For this reason, a study was carried out at Harare Central Hospital to assess the type and prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities in dehydrated children who had previously been managed with oral salt sugar solution for acute gastroenteritis. 121 such referred patients had their serum urea and electrolytes estimated on admission prior to further management in the Unit; .38 (27.5%) cases of hypokalemia, 12 (8.9%) of hypernatremia, 52 (5.5%) of hypoatremia and 65 (45.7%) of severe acidosis (bicarbonate level 10 mmol/1) were documented. It is concluded that simple salt sugar solution is ideal for the prevention of dehydration but in cases of established dehydration the WHO complete formula is more appropriate for combating hypokalemia and severe metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:Serum electrolytes in children admitted with diarrhoeal dehydration managed with simple salt sugar solution. 345 1

Sugar intolerance occurred in 31 of 200 children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. In 28 this was transient and settled rapidly, but in the remaining three it indicated a more serious and persistent problem. The most important predisposing factor was viral infection, in particular with rotavirus. The current regimen for the management of sugar intolerance complicating acute gastroenteritis at this hospital is outlined.
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PMID:Sugar intolerance complicating acute gastroenteritis. 406 53

The effect of the time of administration of the Paratect Flex -Bolus (PF-Bolus) on the course of infections with gastrointestinal nematodes was investigated in a field experiment with three groups of 9 first year grazing heifers in the Swiss midland region. The heifers of groups A and B received the PF-Bolus at turnout on May 7 (early season application) and on July 16 (late season application), respectively. The heifers of group C remained untreated. All heifers were grazed together throughout the experiment. The mean egg excretion of the heifers of group A remained very low for a period of 70 days and peaked at the end of September reaching a mean value of 167 eggs per gram of faeces (epg). After the administration of the PF-Bolus to the heifers of group B, the egg excretion was reduced by 97% and remained below 50 epg for the rest of the season. While the mean serum pepsinogen values of the heifers of groups A and B only reflected subclinical infections, the mean values of the heifers of group C exceeded 4400 mU tyrosine and 4 heifers exhibited signs of parasitic gastroenteritis. At the end of the experiment (Oct 8) heifers of group A were 14 kg heavier than the controls (not significant) whereas the heifers of group B outperformed the control heifers by 20 kg (significant, p > 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The early or late administration of Paratect Flex bolus in heifers]. 803 83

During the 20th century, food animal agriculture grew from small operations, where livestock (cattle, sheep, and swine) and poultry (chickens and turkeys) had access to free range, to large operations where animals and poultry were concentrated and confined to feed lots or buildings. The quantity of manure produced by confinement animals in the United States has been estimated to be in excess of 61 million tons of dry matter per year, and another report states that 1.2 billion tons of manure are produced by cattle annually in the United States (US Senate Agricultural Committee, 1998). As urban developments have come closer to livestock operations, there has been increasing public concern for the impact of the latter on public health and the environment. Although management practices for livestock production have increased in efficiency, insufficient attention has been given to managing and utilizing wastes so that they benefit rather than pollute the environment. Animal manure includes urine and various bodily secretions such as those from the nose, vagina, and mammary glands. Dust from animals and manure may be blown from buildings by powerful fans, and manure is often piled near the animal quarters or is spread on land in solid or liquid form. Public concerns associated with disposal of animal manure include objectionable odors, flies, excessive levels of phosphorous and nitrogen, and the potential for spread of human pathogens. It has been observed that despite linkages between outbreaks of gastroenteritis in humans and livestock operations, the importance of animal manure in the spread of infectious agents tends to be underestimated.
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PMID:Public health implications related to spread of pathogens in manure from livestock and poultry operations. 1515 64

A norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak at a wedding reception hall in Nagano Prefecture in April 2008 affected that hall's reception participants and waiters, but not waiters or food handlers at another hall. To determine the infection route, dust in three vacuum cleaners used to clean the venue were tested for norovirus using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with norovirus RNA detected from all three. Sequencing analysis of a 280-nt portion of the capsid region showed that 9 specimens from infected reception participants and waiters and dust samples had 100% nucleotide identity. This suggests that the infection route was dust transmission, that the reception venue floor had been contaminated with norovirus, and that participants and staff had been exposed to norovirus in dust during the wedding reception. Dust thus requires specific attention as a potential infection source because norovirus cDNA copies were 1.7 x 10(4) to 1.6 x 10(5) per gram in dust specimens.
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PMID:[An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus: suspected due to dust transmission]. 2122 21