Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, motile, curved bacillus of the family Vibrionaceae that is a rare cause of gastroenteritis, septicemia, and wound infections in humans. V. vulnificus is halophilic, flourishes in warm temperatures, and is part of the bacterial flora of the marine environment. The location of our health care setting, on the Gulf of Mexico, has given us the opportunity to observe a wide variety of clinical presentations of infections caused by this organism. In the first case, a 27-year-old man struck by lightning while windsurfing was found pulseless in the water and was resuscitated. The patient subsequently developed cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure, and necrotizing fasciitis, blood cultures yielded V. vulnificus. After antibiotic therapy and several fasciotomies, the patient recovered. The second case was that of a 43-year-old Asian man employed as an oyster shucker who presented with complaints of redness, tearing, and photophobia of the right eye. The diagnosis of corneal ulcer secondary to V. vulnificus was made after culture of the right eye revealed the organism. The third case involved a 46-year-old man who presented with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, chills, and bullous lesions on the lower extremities. He developed disseminated intravascular coagulation, and cultures of the lesions on his lower extremities showed V. vulnificus. Initially, the patient denied any exposure to raw seafood or seawater, but he eventually remembered eating raw oysters 3 days before his illness. The fourth case is that of a 32-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus-positive, hepatitis C-positive woman with cirrhosis who presented with productive cough, chills, fever, and red spots on her extremities and buttocks. Blood cultures revealed V. vulnificus and the patient was treated with antibiotics and improved clinically. These four cases illustrate the wide range of clinical presentations associated with this organism.
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PMID:Varied clinical presentations of Vibrio vulnificus infections: a report of four unusual cases and review of the literature. 1498 56

Vibrio vulnificus is a rare cause of disease and it is often unrecognized and underreported. It is a lactose-fermenting, halophilic vibrio causing severe disease in immunocompromised patients, but causing a mild type of gastroenteritis in healthy people, usually associated with consumption of seafood. We report here a case of diarrhea due to V. vulnificus in a male child who was admitted for fever, loose motions and productive cough. There was no history of consumption of any seafood; so, the source of infection could not be traced. As V. vulnificus is a rare entity, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for the bacteria, when patients present with gastrointestinal illness, fever or shock, with or without ingestion of raw seafood. Pediatricians should also be alert as the bacterium causes a potentially fatal disease in children.
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PMID:Vibrio vulnificus Diarrhea in a Child with Respiratory Infection. 2188 66

Salmonella serotypes most often produce gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia, vascular infection and chronic carrier state. Localized infection may occur at any site after Salmonella bacteremia. Pulmonary involvement due to Salmonella infection is rare. Empyema occurs usually in elderly patients or in patients with underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, malignancy, or pulmonary disease. We report the case of an 83-year-old male diabetic patient who presented with fever, productive cough, and difficulty in swallowing. The chest radiographs revealed soft shadowing mild atelactasis and pulmonary abscess on left side. CT-guided aspiration of pus was done. Salmonella enterica serotype typhi was isolated from pus sample. Pleural empyema or abscess usually requires surgical drainage in addition to antimicrobial therapy. After complete course of antimicrobial therapy, the patient improved.
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PMID:Pleural empyema due to Salmonella typhi. 2321 92

Salmonella infections can be seen in four clinical types, namely gastroenteritis, bacteremia/sepsis, enteric fever and carriage. These infections can result in uncomplicated diarrhea in most cases, but can lead to invasive disease requiring antimicrobial therapy and can be life-threatening in elderly or immunocomprimised patients. Broad-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are crucial options in the treatment of the invasive infections. Ciprofloxacin resistance is rarely seen in non-typhoid Salmonella enterica isolates, and only in S. Typhimurium, S. Choleraesuis and S. Schwarzengrund. In this report, we aimed to discuss a patient infected with ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky under the light of data from our country and the world. A 52-year-old male patient wih acute myocardial infarction was hospitalized in intensive care unit of cardiovasculer surgery for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation for the treatment of left ventricular disfunction. On the seventh day of LVAD and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the patient presented high fever and productive cough. His physical examination revealed hyperemia around the insertion point of right jugular central venous catheter (CVC) and a serous discharge from the insertion point of LVAD located just below the inferior edge of sternum. Empiric IV cefoperazone/sulbactam (SCF) therapy was started with the prediagnosis of pneumonia and bloodstream infection. The blood samples taken from peripheral veins and CVC, and swabs taken from LVAD insertion point for culture when the patient was febrile, revealed the growth of bacteria with S type and lactose-negative colonies on EMB and SS media. Biochemical characteristics of the isolate were as follows: lactose fermentation negative, H2S positive, IMVIC (-,+,-,+), urease negative, lysine/ornithine decarboxylase positive and motile. The bacteria was then identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky (8,20;i;z6) by agglutination tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted according to CLSI guidelines and it was found as ampicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant. Ciprofloxacin resistance of the isolate was confirmed with E-test. Stool culture was performed to investigate the source of infection, and S. Kentucky was isolated. On the 15th day of SCF treatment, LVAD was taken out, and tissue cultures taken from the fibrillar tissues between pericardial layers during surgery, also yielded S. Kentucky growth. On the second day of SCF therapy the patient's fever returned normal and on the seventh day, CBC and CRP values were normalized. Nevertheless, the clinical situation of the patient worsened gradually and on the 40th day he was intubated due to low oxygen saturation and pleural effusion. His antibiotherapy was stopped on 42nd day as the blood cultures were negative and his clinical situation was attributed to cardiac failure. The patient died four days after the antibiotherapy has stopped due to cardiac reasons. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case infected with ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky in our country.
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PMID:[Bacteremia caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella serotype Kentucky: a case report and the review of literature]. 2812 65