Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an effort to determine the relation of breast versus bottle feeding to hospitalization for gastroenteritis, children hospitalized for gastroenteritis at the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center in California were compared with a larger normal population of children discharged from the Center's nursery, for incidence of breast feeding. All infants under 12 months of age admitted to the hospital with acute gastroenteritis between January 1, 1973 and December 31, 1975 were identified. All infants had an acute onset of diarrhea and weight loss, some with vomiting. Variable degrees of clinical dehydration also occurred. 107 infants were admitted during the period of study. The type of feeding--breast or bottle--was obtained from the patients' admission history, nursery records, outpatient clinic charts, or by direct contact with parents. Of the 197 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis during the study period, only 1 was being breast fed at the time of admission. 40 infants were under 6 months of age. Breast feeding accounted for 28 percent of the infant-months in the 0-6 month age group. The lower than predicted incidence of acute gastroenteritis in the breast fed infants was statistically significant. Although about 1/3 of the bottle fed infants had started breast feeding at birth, all had been switched to the bottle at least 1 month prior to hospitalization. The study data strongly indicate that breast feeding plays a major role in protection against intestinal infections.
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PMID:Relation of breast versus bottle feeding to hospitalization for gastroenteritis in a middle-class U.S. population. 63 81

The four alternatives discussed in the previous paper (5), are applied to a number of virus infections which are common in pigs. The enzootic state of SMEDI enteroviruses, vomiting and wasting virus and parvovirus should be promoted by bringing the young gilts into close contact with the older sow population at a sufficiently early stage. There should preferably not be a change of herd for primiparous sows during pregnancy. In parvovirus infection, maternal immunity may be so prolonged that gilts will only be infected after the time of breeding. Therefore, mating should preferably be postponed until they are nine months of age, unless previous serological tests have shown that they are in a state of active immunity. Considering the present disease situation of swine fever in several continental West European countries and consequently they high number of existing virus sources, compulsory vaccination of sows and fattening piglets is recommended against this virus on an international scale for at least three years. This vaccination can be omitted only after the number of outbreaks has been reduced to a very low level. Vaccination is the only possible alternative left in the combat against Aujezky's disease. Caution is undoubtedly indicated in using live vaccines in these cases. So far, methods have not become available for the effective control of transmissible gastroenteritis and prospects are not encouraging. The possibility of eradication of transmissible gastroenteritis is discussed.
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PMID:[Possible methods of control of virus disease in swine today and in the future. II. Specific applications (author's transl)]. 65 95

An analysis of data on Salmonella infection treated at the Children's Hospital "La Fe", in Valencia, from 1974--75 is presentd. A patient population of 211 selected cases were divided into two groups: Gastroenteritis (GEC), 155 cases, and typhoid-paratyphoid fever (T-P F), 56 cases. Hospitalization was required in 79% of the cases. The following parameter were studied: Locality and district of origin with respect to residence, conditions of hygiene, size of family: age, sex, seasonal incidence, previous time of illness, presenting symptoms and physical sings and complementary studies. The following conclusions were obtained: Salmonella infection are and endemic problem in Valencia. Their incidence is maximal during the months of June to October. Epidemiological environment was positive in 15% of the cases. Higher morbidity in children less than two years of age. Most frequent presenting symptoms: Diarrhea, fever and vomiting as often in GEC as in T-P F. In 38.7% of GEC cases, the diarrhea was bloody; 21.9% of GEC cases began with fever. Salmonella paratyphi B was the agent most frequently responsible. Data concerning sex, family size, conditions of hygiene and white blood cells offer little discriminatory information. Results obtained are concordant with those described in the literature.
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PMID:[Salmonella infection in children. Epidemiological and clinical considerations (author's transl)]. 69 10

Twenty-five children with cows' milk protein intolerance were studied. Twenty had presented with an illness clinically indistinguishable from infantile gastroenteritis; an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from the stools in two children, and in six another member of the family simultaneously developed acute diarrhoea and vomiting. Twenty-three children had lactose intolerance secondary to cows' milk protein intolerance. Eight out of 20 children were found to be partially IgA deficient. An acute attack of gastroenteritis, in damaging the small mucosa, may act as a triggering mechanism in cows' milk protein intolerance, and a deficiency in IgA may be a predisposing factor in so far as it allows the patient to become sensitised to foreign protein.
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PMID:Cows' milk protein intolerance: a possible association with gastroenteritis, lactose intolerance, and IgA deficiency. 77 36

Large numbers of a reovirus-like agent were visualized with electron microscopy in bacteria-free gut homogenates obtained from piglets with a fatal diarrhea resembling transmissible gastroenteritis. The syndrome, of vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and death, was reproduced in piglets artificially infected with these bacteria-free gut homogenates. Reovirus-like particles persisted in serial piglet passage and none was seen in uninfected, asymptomatic controls. Hyperimmune sera (made in recovered piglets) aggregated the reovirus-like particles, as judged by immunoelectron microscopy, and neutralized the infectious agent. The cytoplasm in enterocytes on infected intestinal epithelium fluoresced when this hyperimmune sera was used in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Feeding cow colostrum or diets containing porcine gamma globulin protected infected piglets. No cytopathogenic effect was noted in infected tissue cultures, nor did this agent affect neonatal guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, and rats. The agent did not agglutinate human O or A erythrocytes.
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PMID:Reovirus-like agent associated with fatal diarrhea in neonatal pigs. 96 98

Infants and young children are particularly susceptible to a recently identified viral enteritis which is highly contagious and seems both common and universal. In this disease, virus invades the upper intestinal epithelium, causing acute diarrhoea with early fever and vomiting. We studied a similar disease in pigs, infecting three-week-old animals with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE), which also invades the upper intestinal epithelium. In this model, diarrhoea is massive 16-40 hours after infection, when stools contain increased electrolytes but no excess of sugar. In the jejunum of intact pigs at the 40-hour stage we found altered Na+ and water flux, decreased mucosal activities of disaccharidases and Na+, K+-ATPase, but normal adenylate cyclase activity. At the same stage the response of Na+ flux to glucose was blunted in jejunal epithelium studied in Ussing short-circuit chambers and in suspensions of villous cells; Cl- flux responded normally to theophylline, and thymidine kinase and sucrase activities of cells isolated from jejunal villi were similar to those found in crypt cells. Probably by 40 hours after infection most virus has been shed from the mucosa. Viral diarrhoea clearly differs from enterotoxigenic diarrhoea. Consideration of its pathogenesis must take into account the dynamic nature of the mucosal epithelium and the factors governing differentiation of enterocytes as they migrate from crypt to villus. Sufficient information is available now to characterize one specific and apparently prevalent viral enteritis in man and to identify additional viral enteritides. There is hope that preventative therapy can be developed. Our understanding of the mechanisms of viral diarrhoea is limited, but the availability of an animal model and the promise of others makes us optimistic that these deficiencies can be remedied. Greater understanding of the pathogenesis of viral diarrhoea should better the active therapy of affected infants and children.
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PMID:Viral gastroenteritis: recent progress, remaining problems. 104 55

During the period from September 8 to October 2, 1970, 44 of the 120 children and 78 of 141 adults questioned at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital experienced gastroenteritis characterized by nausea, vomiting, and fever and/or chills. Diarrhea was rare in children (4.5%) and common in adults (74%). The median duration of illness for children, 18 hours, was significantly shorter than the 48 hours for adults. All viral and bacterial cultures of 30 stool specimens were negative for viruses and bacterial pathogens. A retrospective survey of 28 ill employees revealed a secondary attach rate of 46% of 76 family contacts. A bacteria-free filtrate prepared from stool swab specimens of 2 ill adults by a team at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases was administered orally to 3 adult volunteers. One of the 3 vomited and had 4 watery diarrheal stools on the third post-inoculation day. Diarrheal stool filtrates from this person were then given orally to 8 others; 1 became ill. Although the epidemiologic features point to the respiratory route of infection, the probably successful serial transmission of disease via bacteria-free stool filtrates through 2 generations of volunteers also suggests that the "Denver agent" is a virus-sized particle that replicates in the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Epidemic acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital. 116 30

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease was the diagnosis for 58 dogs and 26 cats, with signs of persistent gastroenteritis, failed responses to dietary trials, and histologic evidence of cellular infiltrates unrelated to other causes of gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Clinical signs of large intestinal dysfunction, watery diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia with weight loss were common. Nonspecific hematologic, biochemical, and radiographic abnormalities frequently were observed. Mucosal biopsy specimens, obtained endoscopically, were histologically evaluated for severity of mucosal epithelial damage. Mucosal erythema, friability, enhanced granularity, and ulceration or erosion were the predominant endoscopic lesions. Inflammatory bowel disease lesions of moderate severity predominated in the stomach, duodenum, and colon. Lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltrates were limited to the lamina propria in biopsy specimens from all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease commonly is associated with chronic gastroenteritis in dogs and cats.
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PMID:Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and cats: 84 cases (1987-1990). 128 45

Of 34 non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks which occurred at day-care centers, kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools in Tokyo during the period from February 1985 to June 1991, 28 outbreaks from which small round structured viruses (SRSV) were detected in the patients' stool specimens by electron microscopy were subjected to an epidemiological investigation. The outbreaks tended to occur frequently in the cold season; twenty-two (79%) of these outbreaks from November through April. Though detailed epidemiological informations was not obtained from all outbreaks, the common source of infection were presumed to be present in many of the outbreaks, judged from the incidence as to time course of patients. Food doubted to be incriminated as transmission vehicles in these outbreaks was served at schools, kindergartens, and lodgings. In some outbreaks, SRSV was detected from stool specimens of food handlers, or they were seroconverted to SRSV, suggesting that food was incriminated as a transmission vehicle. The symptoms of patients differ slightly from age to age: in the age range of 0 to 6 years, vomiting 90%, fever 41% and diarrhea 32%; in the 6 to 12 year-olds, nausea 61%, vomiting 48%, abdominal pain 65%, diarrhea 20% and fever 29%; and in the 12 to 15 year-olds, nausea 69%, vomiting 42%, abdominal pain 60%, diarrhea 30% and fever 34%. The lower the age of patient vomiting was more frequently observed. In these lower age groups, the frequency of nausea and vomiting tended to exceed that of diarrhea.
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PMID:[Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses in Tokyo]. 133 Dec 65

On the evening of October 10, 1990, many of the 474 inmates of a state prison in Florida began to experience symptoms of gastroenteritis. An investigation included interviews with inmates, evaluation of the kitchen and food-handling practices, cultures of leftover food, stool cultures, and cultures from the nares and skin lesions of food handlers. Of the 331 inmates interviewed, 215 (65%) had diarrhea, vomiting, or both. The median incubation period was 5 hours (range, 1-41 hours). Cases with onset of illness 8 or more hours after the evening meal were more likely than those with earlier onset to have had only diarrhea without vomiting (p < 0.001). Eating turkey at the evening meal on October 10 was associated with risk of illness (relative risk = 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.7-13.7). Cases who became ill within 8 hours of the evening meal and those who became ill later were both more likely to have eaten turkey than those who did not become ill (p < 0.001 and p < 0.007, respectively). Salmonella infantis and enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus were both isolated from samples of leftover turkey, and S. infantis was isolated from 18 of 20 stool specimens. Cultures of the anterior nares and skin lesions of food handlers grew S. aureus, but phage typing failed to link these strains to the outbreak. Improper food-handling practices contributed to the development of this outbreak. This report highlights the importance of recognizing multiple-organism outbreaks, since the authors' recommendations for prevention of more cases depended upon knowing the risks associated with the distinct organisms and the possible sources of contamination.
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PMID:A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving two different pathogens. 144 24


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