Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between March 1987-January 1988, physicians enrolled 60 pediatric patients with a fever who were admitted to the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya for various clinical conditions in a study to determine the types, frequency, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of aerobic and facultative bacterial isolates. Most of the patients were 13 months-4 years old (45%). 31.7% of the patients had positive blood cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the 2nd most common bacteria (15.8%) among these patients. Laboratory personnel isolated Salmonella typhimurium in most patients (63%). In fact, during the same period, the Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory at the hospital identified Salmonella species in 48% of all isolated bacteria and 35% of these were S. typhimurium. S. typhimurium tended to be present in children with gastroenteritis (41.8%) or a fever of unknown origin (33.3%). S. typhimurium was very sensitive to amikacin and cefotaxime, but resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Health workers in Kenya have frequently administered ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, but not amikacin and cefotaxime. 67% of the strains of S. typhimurium were resistant to gentamicin and 33% to chloramphenicol. These results along with those of other reports from this hospital indicated a dramatic rise in Gram negative bacteria resistance to antibiotics. Therefore physicians should no longer consider gentamicin as a 1st line antibiotic in treating suspected septicemia patients.
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PMID:Aerobic and facultative bacterial isolates from blood cultures of children with clinically diagnosed septicaemia. 180 80

Non-typhoid salmonellosis remains a common infective illness. We studied 77 consecutively admitted children aged 1 month to 15 years in order to determine frequency of antecedents, the strain of the isolated organisms, clinical findings, frequency of complications and the adequacy of management. The presentation and severity of the illness were compared between younger than two and older children. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated in 65% of the cases. Two thirds of the tested strains were multiresistant to antibiotics. Non-typhoid salmonellosis usually occurred in the form of acute gastroenteritis: in only 4% of the cases it presented as pyrexia of unknown origin without gastrointestinal symptoms. 30% of the cases had been exposed to one or more antimicrobial agents within four weeks before the date of their stool culture. Only 30% had been breast fed. Previously diagnosed cow's milk protein intolerance resulted to be present in 14% of the less than two years old children (p < 0.02). Abdominal pain and headache were found more frequently in older children (p < 0.02). Protein C reactive values were significantly higher in this age group (p < 0.05). 25% of the children were mildly or moderately dehydrated. Hypernatremia was uncommon. 31% of the cases were treated with antibiotics: the antimicrobial treated children presented diarrhoea for longer period (p < 0.05) and they remained admitted for longer time (p < 0.00).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinico-epidemiological observations of 77 pediatric cases of infection with non-typhi salmonellae]. 807 87

A study of 256 annual reports from 17 rural tropical hospitals in 4 African countries over a period of 16 years showed an absolute increase in the number of patients admitted with infectious diseases. Admissions were highest for malaria, followed by pneumonia and gastroenteritis. Admissions for immunisable diseases are decreasing in all countries. Fever remains the most important indicator of infectious diseases. Analysis of fever patients in rural tropical hospitals relies on knowledge of the epidemiology of diseases, plus expertise in physical examination. In this study, a detailed analysis of 900 fever patients indicated that 4% showed no infection, 21% of infections could be diagnosed by physical examination, 35% were diagnosed with the help of additional laboratory tests and 40% of patients were diagnosed as FUO (fever of unknown origin). 17% of FUO patients had a short, self limiting fever, but the remaining 23% were severely ill, suggesting bacterial sepsis, as was indicated by earlier studies. Undiagnosed fevers with resulting over-treatment and high resistance are costly and dangerous. These effects stress the need for better and more laboratory facilities, including possibilities for bacterial cultures. At present, patients are generally over-treated with antimalarials and antibiotics, since further diagnostic facilities are not available. Resistance is high for antimalatials ( Malaria) and for Amoxycillin, Cotrimoxazole and Gentamicin (Gram-bacteria from urine and blood).
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PMID:Analysis of infectious diseases in rural tropical areas. 1215 52

Saffold virus (SAFV) is a newly discovered human virus in the genus Cardiovirus, family Picornaviridae. The virus was first described from fecal specimens of a child with fever of unknown origin in 2007. A total of 454 fecal specimens were collected from children with diarrhea attended clinics in Japan, 2010-2011, 7 (1.5%) were positive for SAFV. Mixed-infections of SAFV and other enteric viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, and bocavirus) were found in four out of seven cases, while monoinfection by SAFV alone was detected in three cases. In addition to diarrhea, fever and vomiting were observed in three children and mild dehydration in one case. No particular symptoms of cough and rhinorrhea were noted. Analysis of partial VP1 nucleotide sequence of 7 Japanese SAFV strains revealed that 5 SAFV sequences were most closely related with SAFV2 reference strains, but separated into SAFV2-A (3 strains) and SAFV2-B (2 strains). In addition, the other two strains were classified as SAFV3. Our results indicated that SAFVs (SAFV2 and SAFV3) were circulated in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan during 2010 and 2011 epidemic season.
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PMID:Three clusters of Saffold viruses circulating in children with diarrhea in Japan. 2318 11

We characterized the complete genome of a novel dog circovirus (DogCV) from the liver of a dog with severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, vasculitis, and granulomatous lymphadenitis. DogCV was detected by PCR in fecal samples from 19/168 (11.3%) dogs with diarrhea and 14/204 (6.9%) healthy dogs and in blood from 19/409 (3.3%) of dogs with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, fever of unknown origin, or past tick bite. Co-infection with other canine pathogens was detected for 13/19 (68%) DogCV-positive dogs with diarrhea. DogCV capsid proteins from different dogs varied by up to 8%. In situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy detected DogCV in the lymph nodes and spleens of 4 dogs with vascular compromise and histiocytic inflammation. The detection of a circovirus in tissues of dogs expands the known tropism of these viruses to a second mammalian host. Our results indicate that circovirus, alone or in co-infection with other pathogens, might contribute to illness and death in dogs.
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PMID:Circovirus in tissues of dogs with vasculitis and hemorrhage. 2362 23