Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gangrene of the extremities complicating diarrhoea and severe hypernatraemic dehydration occurred in 6 infants. This is a rare complication of gastroenteritis, and its association with hypernatraemia does not seem to have previously been emphasized. The increased blood viscosity resulting from serum hyperosmolarity may have been responsible for the gangrene, and studies in our patients suggested that disseminated intravascular coagulation was present. In addition to fluid and electrolyte replacement, the infants were treated with heparin with some recovery of the affected extremities.
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PMID:Peripheral gangrene in hypernatraemic dehydration of infancy. 120 Jun 77

A standardized oral fat load has been given to 66 children having duodenal or jejunal biopsy, and to 10 children presumed normal. The rise in plasma light scattering intensity (LSI) measured by nephelometry between the fasting and 2-hour postload level (0-2 hour) showed good correlation with the small intestinal morphology in patients suspected of having coeliac disease. In those who had had recurrent diarrhoea and gastroenteritis, the fat load test did not predict small intestinal morphology. Serial studies in 5 treated patients with malabsorption showed increase in the 0-to 2-hour LSI, with corresponding improvement of small intestinal morphology and clinical state.
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PMID:Changes in plasma nephelometry after oral fat loading in children with normal and abnormal small intestinal morphology. 120 Jun 79

A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto-infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death.
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PMID:Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis. 122 84

Infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) recovered from stools of infants with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis was administered per os to germfree and conventional piglets. Virus was found subsequently in stools and in the mucosal epithelial cells of the small intestine of these animals. Some animals developed diarrhea. Added proof of orbivirus replication was obtained through the use of tritiated uridine injections and the recovery of labeled virus in gut contents at the time of autopsy. Serological conversion was demonstrated in infected germfree piglets.
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PMID:Propagation of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) in conventional and germfree piglets. 123 20

Intestinal infarction was studied in 20 children with acute gastroenteritis. Eighteen cases (90%) died and 2 (10%) recovered. The disease was most frequently seen in infants under one month of age (85%) and in malnourished cases with subnormal weight at birth. It was suspected only in four patients and in the rest, it was a surgical or post mortem finding. No clinical or radiological findings were detected to orient diagnosis. The following signs are considered jointly to support a diagnostic suspicion; prolonged paralytic ileus, abdominal vascular distress, peritoneal irritation, shock and history of diarrhea. Considerations are made on its pathology, clinical picture and treatment, stressing the fact that an early surgical treatment may increase survival possibilities.
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PMID:[Intestinal infarction in the newborn]. 124 78

By means of electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation techniques rotavirus-like particles have been found in 84 of 269 specimens of faeces collected from infants and young children admitted to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, N.S.W. during the usual winter outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis. Morphologically intact viruses were also found in faecal specimens stored at -20 degrees C for up to nine years. Rotaviruses were found in specimens collected from five newborn infants with diarrhoea, and in a subsequent survey of the nursery when 23 neonates without diarrhoea were present, 12 (52 %) were found to be excreting virus. Morphologically similar viruses were found in six of 16 faecal specimens from newborn calves with gastroenteritis (scours), and an antigenic relationship between the rotaviruses of human and bovine origin has been demonstrated.
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PMID:Rotaviruses and acute gastroenteritis of infants and children. 126 49

Ion transport in the jejunal mucosa of 14-to 16-day-old piglets with severe diarrhea 40 hr after infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus was studied. In infected pigs Na+ transport failed to respond normally to glucose when studied either in Ussing short-circuited chambers or in suspensions of enterocytes isolated selectively from jejunal villi. Theophylline, 10mM, added to the chambers produced the same brisk electrical responses and increments in net Cl- secretion in tissue from both infected and control groups. A defect in glucose-stimulated Na+ absorption in the acute stage of a viral enteritis has been identified which probably contributes to the impaired lumen-to-extracellular fluid flux of Na+ found previously in the jejunum of intact TGE-infected pigs. The mechanisms causing diarrhea in this invasive viral enteritis differ from those causing toxigenic diarrhea.
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PMID:Transmissible gastroenteritis. Mucosal ion transport in acute viral enteritis. 126 68

Salmonella typhimurium is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (food poisoning), and the decision of the source of infection urgently requires epidemiological investigation. There are two types of S. typhimurium, O5-antigen-carrier type (O5(+)-antigen type) and noncarrier type (Copenhagen antigen type). On the assumption that serological differentiation of the types is effective for epidemiological exploration for the source of infection, we produced a monoclonal antibody, TMY1, specific for the O5-antigen. We classified S. typhimurium identified as the causative agent of mass outbreaks of acute Salmonella gastroenteritis according to the O5-antigen type, by using the TMY1. As a result, the bacterium in each outbreak was classified as the O5(+)-antigen type or the Copenhagen antigen type based on the difference in reactivity with TMY1. S. typhimurium isolated from calves in mass outbreaks of diarrhea and from animals with various diseases were also classified by TMY1 according to the O5-antigen type, and TMY1 was found to be as useful as in human cases. From this confirmation, TMY1 was demonstrated to be useful as a marker for epidemiological investigation of the source of infection by the O5-antigen type of S. typhimurium.
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PMID:Production and epidemiological application of monoclonal antibody specific for Salmonella O5-antigen. 128 81

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease was the diagnosis for 58 dogs and 26 cats, with signs of persistent gastroenteritis, failed responses to dietary trials, and histologic evidence of cellular infiltrates unrelated to other causes of gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Clinical signs of large intestinal dysfunction, watery diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia with weight loss were common. Nonspecific hematologic, biochemical, and radiographic abnormalities frequently were observed. Mucosal biopsy specimens, obtained endoscopically, were histologically evaluated for severity of mucosal epithelial damage. Mucosal erythema, friability, enhanced granularity, and ulceration or erosion were the predominant endoscopic lesions. Inflammatory bowel disease lesions of moderate severity predominated in the stomach, duodenum, and colon. Lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltrates were limited to the lamina propria in biopsy specimens from all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease commonly is associated with chronic gastroenteritis in dogs and cats.
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PMID:Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and cats: 84 cases (1987-1990). 128 45

Pigs from 3 litters kept under gnotobiotic conditions were inoculated orally with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus, a TGE vaccine, or Hank's balanced salt solution at 2 days of age and then euthanatized at intervals ranging from 1 to 7 days after inoculation. Pigs exposed to the vaccine had clinical evidence of diarrhea and weakness. Lesions resembling those of TGE were revealed grossly, microscopically, and by scanning electron microscopy. Viral antigen was seen in intestinal epithelial cells by the direct fluorescent antibody technique. The disease induced by the vaccine virus had a longer incubation period and lesions were less severe than that induced by the virulent virus.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic effects of oral administration of transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine to gnotobiotic pigs. 131 37


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